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CFRN Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is CVP

A

Right atrial pressure/Right sided pre-load measurement

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2
Q

What causes increase in CVP

A

Left systolic failure, Volume overload, Pulmonary Hypertension, Cardiac Tamponade

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3
Q

What is normal right ventricle pressure

A

Systolic 20-30, Diastolic 0-5

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4
Q

What causes high RVP

A

Right Ventricular Failure, Chronic CHF, Pulmonary Hypertension, Hypoxemia, Cardiac Tamponade

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5
Q

Right Ventricular Waveform

A

Tall upstroke is ventricular systole passive filling. Anacrotic notch = atrial kick. Notch on left side of waveform.

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6
Q

If CVP migrates into RV

A

Inflate balloon, pull back until CVP waveform is present

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7
Q

What are normal Pulmonary Artery Pressures

A

PAS 15-25, PAD 8-15.

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8
Q

What does PA pressure measure

A

Measures RV systolic pressure, indirectly measures left ventricular end diastolic pressure

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9
Q

What causes increase in pulmonary artery pressure

A

Fluid overload, Atrial and Ventricular defects, Mitral valve regurgitation/stenosis, LV failure

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10
Q

What is normal PCWP

A

8-12

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11
Q

Right Failure

A

High CVP, Low PCWP/PAD

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12
Q

Dicrotic notch on right side of PA waveform

A

Closure of pulmonic valve closure

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13
Q

PCWP measures

A

Left atrial preload, indirect left ventricular end diastolic pressure

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14
Q

Increased PCWP

A

LV failure, Fluid overload, Cardiac Tamponade

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15
Q

What is overdampened waveform

A

Waveform slowly returns to baseline caused by cathether kink, tip of cathether against wall, high pressure in bag

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16
Q

What is underdampened waveform

A

Many oscillations before baseline. Air in system, altitude change, low pressure in bag

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17
Q

Large V wave in PA waveform and high PA pressure

A

Severe mitral regurgitation

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18
Q

Coronary Perfusion Pressure

A

Diastolic BP- PAWP

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19
Q

Pulmonary artery pressure reflects

A

right and left sided heart pressures

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20
Q

Systemic Vascular Resistance

A

Measures afterload of left side of heart

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21
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

A

Measures afterload right side of heart

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22
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood ejected with each heart beat from the ventricles during systole

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23
Q

Atrial Waveforms

A

“Filling pressures” and include right and left atrial pressures

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24
Q

C wave

A

Rise in atrial pressure when AV valves close and bulge upward into atrium following valve closure

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25
V wave
Rise in atrial pressure as it refills during ventricular contraction
26
A wave
Coincides with PR interval on EKG
27
C wave
Coincides with mid-late QRS on EKG
28
V wave
Appears immediately after peak of T wave in right pressure
29
Y descent
Downslope of V wave, decline in atrial pressure indicates atrial emptying
30
X descent
Downslope of A wave, decline in atrial pressure, indicates atrial relaxation
31
Isovolumetric contraction
When all 4 heart valves are closed due to depolarization.
32
Diastasis
Mid-diastole. When atrial and ventricular pressures are similar. Prior to atrial depolarization
33
Assess hemodynamic pressures
End of exhalation
34
Z point
End of QRS to waveform to measure atrial end-diastolic pressures
35
Aortic rupture
Loss of aortic knob shadow and widening mediastinum
36
Debakey 1
Ascending aorta and extends distally beyond aortic arch
37
Debakey 2
Ascending Aorta
38
Debakey 3
Distal to left subclavian artery and extends distally to abdominal aorta
39
Aortic Dissection Chest xray findings
Widening mediastinum, tracheal deviation, left pleural effusion, localized bulge on aortic arch, extension of aortic shadow beyond aortic wall
40
Pericardial friction rub
Still heard during pt holding breath
41
Coronary perfusion pressure
DBP-PCWP, normal 50-60
42
Cerebral perfusion pressure
MAP-ICP, normal 70-90
43
Graves Disease
Hyperthyroidism, A-fib, wt loss, anxiety, Exophthalmos
44
Myxedema Coma
Hypothroidism, women >60, winter months onset, fatigue, weight gain,
45
Addison's disease
Adrenal insufficiency, hypotension. Do not give etomidate. Fatigue, weight loss
46
Cushing's Disease
Hyperaldosteronism. Hypertension, moon face, buffalo hump, fatigue, upper body fat and skinny arms and legs,
47
G2B3A Inhibitors
Aggrastat, Reopro, Integrilin
48
Wellen's Syndrome
Stenosis of proximal LAD and impending infarct. Large T wave inversion in V2 and V3
49
Kussmaul's Sign
Rise in venous pressure with inspiration (JVD), indicates RVI or cardiac tamponade. Jugular vein becomes distended during inspiration
50
S3 heart tone
"Ventricular gallup" associated with CHF, mitral regurg, cardiomyopathy
51
S4 heart tone
"Atrial gallup" associated with aortic/pulmonic stenosis, dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy,
52
Magnesium Sulfate contraindications
Myasthenia gravis and renal failure
53
Terbutaline contraindications
Tachycardia > 120, cardiac dysrhythmias
54
Terbutaline side effects
Hyperglycemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, MI, pulmonary edema, hypotension, tachycardia
55
Asherman's Syndrome
Scar tissue forms inside the uterus and cervix
56
Couvelaire Uterus
Port wine amniotic fluid due to placental abruptio
57
Corrected Anion Gap
Na- (Cl+Bicarb) +K
58
Z point
Measures end diastolic pressure
59
X descent, decline in right atrial pressure
Atrial RelaXation
60
Y descent, decline in right atrial pressure
Atrial EmptYing
61
CVP
Right atrial pressure
62
PCWP/PAWP
Left atrial pressure
63
Tetrology of Fallot
Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy Overriding Aorta Ventricular septal defect
64
Newton's First Law
An object in motion tends to stay in motion
65
Newton's Second Law
Force= Mass x Acceleration
66
Newton's Third Law
Every action has = and opposite reaction
67
Cardiac Index
2.5-4.3
68
CO2 and pH relationship
CO2 up 10, Ph down 0.08
69
Bicarb and pH
Bicarb up 10, ph up 0.15
70
PaO2 at altitude
PaO2 drops 5 every 1000 foot elevation
71
Choanal atresia
Congenital disorder caused by blocked nasal passage
72
Coronary artery perfusion is dependent on
Aortic end diastolic pressure
73
Ph and K relationship
Ph increase of 0.10, decrease in K of 0.06
74
Intussuception
Nausea, vomiting, jelly stools, sausage mass RUQ
75
Pyloric stenosis
Projectile vomiting with bile after feeding, Olive shaped mass RUQ, narrowing of stomach to first part of small intestine
76
Subarachnoid bleed
Circle of Willis, Berry aneurysm,
77
Pancreatitis Fistula
Causes metabolic acidosis due to loss of pancreatic fluid which is bicarb rich
78
Mesenteric ischemia/infarction
Occurs after AAA repair due to cross-clamping of mesenteric arteries. Blood in stool, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, AMS

CFRN (1 decks)

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