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CFRN > CFRN > Flashcards

CFRN Flashcards

1
Q

What is CVP

A

Right atrial pressure/Right sided pre-load measurement

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2
Q

What causes increase in CVP

A

Left systolic failure, Volume overload, Pulmonary Hypertension, Cardiac Tamponade

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3
Q

What is normal right ventricle pressure

A

Systolic 20-30, Diastolic 0-5

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4
Q

What causes high RVP

A

Right Ventricular Failure, Chronic CHF, Pulmonary Hypertension, Hypoxemia, Cardiac Tamponade

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5
Q

Right Ventricular Waveform

A

Tall upstroke is ventricular systole passive filling. Anacrotic notch = atrial kick. Notch on left side of waveform.

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6
Q

If CVP migrates into RV

A

Inflate balloon, pull back until CVP waveform is present

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7
Q

What are normal Pulmonary Artery Pressures

A

PAS 15-25, PAD 8-15.

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8
Q

What does PA pressure measure

A

Measures RV systolic pressure, indirectly measures left ventricular end diastolic pressure

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9
Q

What causes increase in pulmonary artery pressure

A

Fluid overload, Atrial and Ventricular defects, Mitral valve regurgitation/stenosis, LV failure

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10
Q

What is normal PCWP

A

8-12

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11
Q

Right Failure

A

High CVP, Low PCWP/PAD

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12
Q

Dicrotic notch on right side of PA waveform

A

Closure of pulmonic valve closure

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13
Q

PCWP measures

A

Left atrial preload, indirect left ventricular end diastolic pressure

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14
Q

Increased PCWP

A

LV failure, Fluid overload, Cardiac Tamponade

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15
Q

What is overdampened waveform

A

Waveform slowly returns to baseline caused by cathether kink, tip of cathether against wall, high pressure in bag

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16
Q

What is underdampened waveform

A

Many oscillations before baseline. Air in system, altitude change, low pressure in bag

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17
Q

Large V wave in PA waveform and high PA pressure

A

Severe mitral regurgitation

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18
Q

Coronary Perfusion Pressure

A

Diastolic BP- PAWP

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19
Q

Pulmonary artery pressure reflects

A

right and left sided heart pressures

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20
Q

Systemic Vascular Resistance

A

Measures afterload of left side of heart

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21
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

A

Measures afterload right side of heart

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22
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood ejected with each heart beat from the ventricles during systole

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23
Q

Atrial Waveforms

A

“Filling pressures” and include right and left atrial pressures

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24
Q

C wave

A

Rise in atrial pressure when AV valves close and bulge upward into atrium following valve closure

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25
Q

V wave

A

Rise in atrial pressure as it refills during ventricular contraction

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26
Q

A wave

A

Coincides with PR interval on EKG

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27
Q

C wave

A

Coincides with mid-late QRS on EKG

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28
Q

V wave

A

Appears immediately after peak of T wave in right pressure

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29
Q

Y descent

A

Downslope of V wave, decline in atrial pressure indicates atrial emptying

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30
Q

X descent

A

Downslope of A wave, decline in atrial pressure, indicates atrial relaxation

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31
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

When all 4 heart valves are closed due to depolarization.

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32
Q

Diastasis

A

Mid-diastole. When atrial and ventricular pressures are similar. Prior to atrial depolarization

33
Q

Assess hemodynamic pressures

A

End of exhalation

34
Q

Z point

A

End of QRS to waveform to measure atrial end-diastolic pressures

35
Q

Aortic rupture

A

Loss of aortic knob shadow and widening mediastinum

36
Q

Debakey 1

A

Ascending aorta and extends distally beyond aortic arch

37
Q

Debakey 2

A

Ascending Aorta

38
Q

Debakey 3

A

Distal to left subclavian artery and extends distally to abdominal aorta

39
Q

Aortic Dissection Chest xray findings

A

Widening mediastinum, tracheal deviation, left pleural effusion, localized bulge on aortic arch, extension of aortic shadow beyond aortic wall

40
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

Still heard during pt holding breath

41
Q

Coronary perfusion pressure

A

DBP-PCWP, normal 50-60

42
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure

A

MAP-ICP, normal 70-90

43
Q

Graves Disease

A

Hyperthyroidism, A-fib, wt loss, anxiety, Exophthalmos

44
Q

Myxedema Coma

A

Hypothroidism, women >60, winter months onset, fatigue, weight gain,

45
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Adrenal insufficiency, hypotension. Do not give etomidate. Fatigue, weight loss

46
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

Hyperaldosteronism. Hypertension, moon face, buffalo hump, fatigue, upper body fat and skinny arms and legs,

47
Q

G2B3A Inhibitors

A

Aggrastat, Reopro, Integrilin

48
Q

Wellen’s Syndrome

A

Stenosis of proximal LAD and impending infarct. Large T wave inversion in V2 and V3

49
Q

Kussmaul’s Sign

A

Rise in venous pressure with inspiration (JVD), indicates RVI or cardiac tamponade. Jugular vein becomes distended during inspiration

50
Q

S3 heart tone

A

“Ventricular gallup” associated with CHF, mitral regurg, cardiomyopathy

51
Q

S4 heart tone

A

“Atrial gallup” associated with aortic/pulmonic stenosis, dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy,

52
Q

Magnesium Sulfate contraindications

A

Myasthenia gravis and renal failure

53
Q

Terbutaline contraindications

A

Tachycardia > 120, cardiac dysrhythmias

54
Q

Terbutaline side effects

A

Hyperglycemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, MI, pulmonary edema, hypotension, tachycardia

55
Q

Asherman’s Syndrome

A

Scar tissue forms inside the uterus and cervix

56
Q

Couvelaire Uterus

A

Port wine amniotic fluid due to placental abruptio

57
Q

Corrected Anion Gap

A

Na- (Cl+Bicarb) +K

58
Q

Z point

A

Measures end diastolic pressure

59
Q

X descent, decline in right atrial pressure

A

Atrial RelaXation

60
Q

Y descent, decline in right atrial pressure

A

Atrial EmptYing

61
Q

CVP

A

Right atrial pressure

62
Q

PCWP/PAWP

A

Left atrial pressure

63
Q

Tetrology of Fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular septal defect

64
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

An object in motion tends to stay in motion

65
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

Force= Mass x Acceleration

66
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Every action has = and opposite reaction

67
Q

Cardiac Index

A

2.5-4.3

68
Q

CO2 and pH relationship

A

CO2 up 10, Ph down 0.08

69
Q

Bicarb and pH

A

Bicarb up 10, ph up 0.15

70
Q

PaO2 at altitude

A

PaO2 drops 5 every 1000 foot elevation

71
Q

Choanal atresia

A

Congenital disorder caused by blocked nasal passage

72
Q

Coronary artery perfusion is dependent on

A

Aortic end diastolic pressure

73
Q

Ph and K relationship

A

Ph increase of 0.10, decrease in K of 0.06

74
Q

Intussuception

A

Nausea, vomiting, jelly stools, sausage mass RUQ

75
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Projectile vomiting with bile after feeding, Olive shaped mass RUQ, narrowing of stomach to first part of small intestine

76
Q

Subarachnoid bleed

A

Circle of Willis, Berry aneurysm,

77
Q

Pancreatitis Fistula

A

Causes metabolic acidosis due to loss of pancreatic fluid which is bicarb rich

78
Q

Mesenteric ischemia/infarction

A

Occurs after AAA repair due to cross-clamping of mesenteric arteries. Blood in stool, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, AMS

CFRN (1 decks)

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