CFS 6300 Respiratory System Anatomy (2)

Question 1

What are the two main divisions of the respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract and Lower respiratory tract

Question 2

List the components of the upper respiratory tract.

Answer 2

• Nose
• Nasal cavities
• Sinuses
• Pharynx
• Larynx (down to vocal folds)

Question 3

What components make up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 3

• Larynx (lower/below vocal folds)
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

Question 4

Define the term ‘alveoli’ in the context of the respiratory system.

Answer 4

Air sacs where gas exchange occurs

Question 5

What forms the skeleton of the external nose?

Answer 5

• Nasal bones
• Lateral nasal cartilages
• Greater alar cartilages
• Lesser alar cartilages
• Septal cartilage

Question 6

The choanae are openings into which part of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Nasopharynx

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The nasal cavity extends from external nares to _______.

Answer 7

[choanae]

Question 8

What are the three types of conchae in the lateral nasal wall?

Answer 8

• Inferior concha
• Middle concha
• Superior concha

Question 9

True or False: The inferior meatus receives the ostium of the nasolacrimal duct.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the function of Kieselbach’s Plexus?

Answer 10

It is a blood supply network in the nose.

Question 11

List the four paired paranasal sinuses.

Answer 11

• Frontal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Maxillary

Question 12

What is the primary function of the nasopharynx?

Answer 12

Connects internal nares to the soft palate.

Question 13

What structure is located at the bifurcation of the trachea?

Answer 13

Carina

Question 14

What is the length and diameter of the trachea?

Answer 14

4-5 inches in length, ~1 inch in diameter

Question 15

True or False: The primary bronchi are shorter and wider on the left side.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What are the three types of bronchial divisions?

Answer 16

• Primary (main/1˚)
• Secondary (lobar/2˚)
• Tertiary (segmental/3˚)

Question 17

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 17

Potential space between parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Question 18

What are the two types of pleural recesses?

Answer 18

• Costodiaphragmatic (costophrenic)
• Costomediastinal

Question 19

Define the term ‘cupula’ in relation to the lungs.

Answer 19

Parietal pleura extending over the apex of the lung

Question 20

What is the main function of the diaphragm in respiration?

Answer 20

Primary muscle for breathing

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The diaphragm is innervated by the _______ nerve.

Answer 21

[Phrenic nerve]

Question 22

List the major apertures in the diaphragm and their corresponding vertebral levels.

Answer 22

• T8: Hiatus for IVC
• T10: Esophageal hiatus
• T12: Aortic hiatus

Question 23

What term describes normal, quiet breathing?

Answer 23

Eupnea

Question 24

What muscles are involved in active/labored inspiration?

Answer 24

• Scalenes
• SCM
• External intercostals
• Serratus anterior
• Pectoralis minor
• Trapezius
• Levator scapulae
• Latissimus dorsi
• Erector spinae group
• QL
• Serratus posterior superior

Question 25

What is the role of the pulmonary plexuses?

Answer 25

Innervate the lungs and bronchial tree