Ch. 01 Flashcards
(135 cards)
Define Geology
Geology focuses on Earth, its rocks, processes shaping it, and surface modeling.
This branch of science focuses on Earth, its rocks, processes shaping it, and surface modeling.
Geology
What kind of changes occurs on earth are observable for ex. erosion which affects coastlines and continental heights?
Surface Changes
This type of changes on earth involve slow continent movements, volcanic erruptions, and earthquakes.
Subsurface Changes
What type of energy transactions influence geological processes?
Solar energy, geothermal heat loss, and seismic energy release/earthquake
What impacts engineering at rates comparable to comon practices?
Geological effects
What serves as earths history books, preserving events and remains of living organisms?
Rocks
What are the tree major rock groups?
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
It is composed of minerals, forming a mechanical basis of geological materials in engineering.
rocks
How do you differentite rocks from soils?
Rock - denotes hard materials
soil - refers to sediments or granular residues
they can be differentiated from their sizes using a sieve.
_______ & _______ contains pores and fissures filled with liquidor gas.
rocks and soils
By how much shorter is the earth’s polar radius from its equitorial radius? and why is that?
22km, this makes the earth’s shape slightly oblate due to its rotation and the centrifugal force.
Approximately, what percentage of earth is land?
29%, almost 35% including continental shelves
What part of the earth cover about two-thirds of the earth’s surface?
the Oceans
What is the average land height?
0.86 km above sea level
what is the mean ocean floor depth?
about 3.8 km
True or False: Extremes in height and depth are limited and small compared to Earth’s radius
TRUE
What is composed of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers, collectively?
the hydrosphere
The Earth is surrounded by a gaseous envelope called?
the atmosphere
What advanced measurement techniques revealed detailed ocean floor surveys?
seismic refraction
What are the continental margin features?
continental shelf (gentle slope), shelf break, continental slope, and continental rise.
What plain is reached below 2700 fanthoms (5km) ?
The deep abyssal plain
This hosts submarine volcanic islands and drowned peaks related to oceanic ridges.
Abyssal plain
It is a submerged extension of land with a gentle slope
Continental shelf