Ch. 1

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity

Question 2

A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (1974) provided evidence for focus of lifestyle and environmental factors; four main elements

Answer 2

human biology, environment, lifestyle, healthcare organizations

Question 3

health promotion

Answer 3

• enabling ppl to increase control over and to improve their health
• must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with he environment
• health is a resource for everyday life, emphasizing social and personal resources and physical capacities
• not just the responsibility fo the health sector

Question 4

framework for health promotion; shifts responsibility to the individual

Answer 4

• identified 3 national health challenges
• -reducing inequities, increasing prevention effort, enhancing people’s capacity to cope
• identified 3 mechanisms to health promotion
• -self care, mutual aid, healthy environments

Question 5

Precede-proceed model for health-promotion planning and evaluation

Answer 5

lecture 1 slide 8 (use for project)

Question 6

quality of life

Answer 6

the degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of their life

Question 7

3 life domains

Answer 7

Being: physical, psychological, spiritual

Belonging: physical, social, community

Becoming: practical, leisure, growth

(more info in textbook)

Question 8

epidemiology

Answer 8

the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why

• descriptive: examines distribution of disease in a specific population
• analytic: investigates causal factors related to diseases
• social: focuses on how social structures affects our health

Question 9

wellness

Answer 9

a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health
-purposeful, enjoyable living

Question 10

illness/wellness continuum

Answer 10

lecture 1.2 slide 13

Question 11

six dimensions of wellness

Answer 11

• occupational
• physical
• social
• intellectual
• spiritual
• emotional

7th: environmental

Question 12

social dimension

Answer 12

collectivist view of the world

• contribute to society
• help others
• seek ways to enhance relationships, build healthy communities

Question 13

occupational dimension

Answer 13

• enrichment through work or vocation
• work is meaningful and rewarding
• balance of work and life commitments

Question 14

spiritual dimension

Answer 14

• identify our basic purpose in life
• leaning hoe to experience love, joy, peace, fulfillment
• helping ourselves and others achieve our potential
• can mean a connection to a formal relation or faith

Question 15

physical dimension

Answer 15

• participating in regular physical activity
• making healthy food choices
• avoiding harmful behaviours
• seeking medical attention when needed

Question 16

intellectual dimension

Answer 16

• ability to think and learn from life experience
• openness to new ideas
• capacity to new ideas
• capacity to question and evaluate information
• cherishing intellectual growth and stimulation

Question 17

emotional dimension

Answer 17

• feeling positive and enthusiastic
• awareness and acceptance of feelings in oneself and others
• capacity to express and manage feelings
• ability to cope with stressors
• can recognize when help is needed

Question 18

environmental dimension

Answer 18

• difficult to adopt a ‘well’ way of living when our enviro is not healthy and well
• being respectful and attempting to live in harmony with nature
• ensuring stability and longevity of natural resources

Question 19

demographic growth

Answer 19

trends in demographic growth affects demand for healthcare service

• rising healthcare costs associated with leading causes of death
• where we live
• demand for mental health services

Question 20

life expectancy

Answer 20

1900s

• women=50.9
• men=47.9
• infectious diseases (eg, smallpox, TB) claimed many lives
• many women died during childbirth or shortly after

2018

• women=84
• men=80

Question 21

social determinants

Answer 21

• health is determined by complex interactions between our environment, genetic makeup, and where we live and work
• growing inequality in social and economic status between groups of Canadians
• -the larger the gap, the lower the health status

Question 22

social determinants of health

Answer 22

• disability
• early life
• education
• employment and working conditions
• food security
• gender
• geography
• health care services
• housing
• immigrant status
• income and its distribution
• indigenous ancestry
• race
• social exclusion
• social safety net
• unemployment and employment security

Question 23

health of college/university students

Answer 23

• engaging in some behaviours increases risk for serious health problems
• more distress reported compared to the general Canadian population
• many risk factors for disease decline as education increases

Question 24

understanding health behaviour: Behaviours that affect your health

Answer 24

• regular exercise
• eating a balanced nutritious diet
• seeking care for symptoms
• taking the necessary steps to overcome illness and restore well-being

-40-80% who try to change a bad health habit lapse within 6 weeks

Question 25

factors that shape positive behaviour

Answer 25

slide 30

Question 26

predisposing factors

Answer 26

- encourage or inhibit a behaviour change - include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, self-efficacy, behavioural intentions, and existing skills - affected by age, sex, socioeconomic level, ethnicity, family background, healthcare access, and level of education

Question 27

enabling factors

Answer 27

make it possible or easier for people or populations to change their behaviours - positive: individual physical and mental capacities, resources, living conditions, societal support, accessible facilities, programs, and services and developing skills - negative: ppl who encourage you to choose unhealthy lifestyle options or health services that don't have your best interests at heart

Question 28

reinforcing factors:

Answer 28

- praise from family and friends - rewards from teachers or parents - encouragement and recognition from meeting a goal - healthy community policies

Question 29

decision making

Answer 29

1. set priorities 2. inform yourself 3. consider all your options 4. tune in to your intuitive feelings 5. consider a worst case scenario

Question 30

health belief model

Answer 30

slide 35

Question 31

making healthy lifestyle changes

Answer 31

- various approaches have been used to help people make changes (moral, enlightenment, behavioural, medical, compensatory models) - awareness of social and cultural norms influencing behaviour is important to devise strategies for change

Question 32

stages of change

Answer 32

precontemplation: not aware of a problem contemplation: aware of a problem and usually considers a change within 6 months but can settle in this stage for years preparation: intended to change within 1 month action: modifying their behaviour according to their plan; some may never enter this phase (this is the reason for the lifestyle change project) maintenance: continue to work at changing their behaviour and may take 6 months to a lifetime termination: behaviour is deeply ingrained and becomes a new habit; may take 2-5 years slide 38

Question 33

successful change

Answer 33

self-efficacy: belief that you can and will succeed locus of control: internal or external reinforcements: positive=rewards, negative=punishments self-talk: messages you send yourself

Question 34

setting realistic goals

Answer 34

SMART model - specific - the goal should have a clear stated specific endpoint - measurable - need to be able to accurately track progress - achievable - is it too ambitious or too easily met - realistic - do you have the knowledge, finances, time.. - trackable (and time based) record - commit to three months. mid check then adjust after three months record and evaluate

Question 35

the power of prevention

Answer 35

- primary (before the fact) prevention: seeks to prevent problems in healthy people - prevention can target individuals, specific groups, or communities - prevention saves money, is productive, and saves lives

Question 36

the potential of protection

Answer 36

protection picks up where prevention leaves off implies some degree of risk - immediate and direct; long term and indirect

Question 37

assessing risks

Answer 37

- are there possible benefits - is the risk voluntary - is the risk fair - are there alternatives - are lives saved or lost