CH 1

Question 1

EBP

Answer 1

Evidence-based practice

Question 2

Research

Answer 2

a diligent systematic inquiry or study that invalidates and refines existing knowledge and develops new knowledge.

Question 3

EBP Model

Answer 3

Nurse’s clinical expertise + Best research evidence + Patient. circumstances and values = Quality, safe, cost-effective outcomes.

Question 4

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 4

Moves from specific to the general; particular instances are observed and then combined into a larger whole or a general statement.

Question 5

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 5

Moves from the general to the specific or from a general premise to a particular situation or conclusion.

Question 6

Levels of Research Evidence

Answer 6

Level I: Systemic review and meta-analysis
Level II: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) or experimental study
Level III: Quasi-experimental study
Level IV: Mixed-methods systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Level V: Descriptive correlational, predictive. correlational, and cohort studies
Level VI: Descriptive study and qualitative study
Level VII: Opinions of expert committees and authorities.

Question 7

Purposes of Research

Answer 7

• Description (Identifying and understanding)
• Explanation (Clarifying relationships)
• Prediction ( Probability)
• Control (Ability to write a prescription to produce desired results)

Question 8

History of Nursing Research

Answer 8

• Nursing research began in the 19th century with Florence Nightengale.
• 2000; Healthy People 2010 & Biological Research for Nursing
• 2002; Joint Commission revised policies to support evidence-based care
• 2004; Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing
• 2010; Healthy People 2020
• 2016; NINR mission statement and strategic plan updated
• 2017; AACN leading initiatives of research

Question 9

Quantitative Research

Answer 9

• Positivism
• Numbers
• Large sample
• Survey, big data, questionnaires
• Statistical analysis
• Mostly closed questions
• Deductive
• Test theory

Question 10

Qualitative Research

Answer 10

• Naturalist
• Words
• Small sample
• Interview, focus group
• In-depth analysis
• Open-ended questions
• Inductive
• Develop theory

Question 11

Roles in Nursing Research

Answer 11

• BSN
• MSN
• DNP
• PhD in Nursing
• Postdoctorate

Question 12

BSN

Answer 12

Read and critically appraise studies; use best research evidence in practice with guidance; assist with problem identification and data collection

Question 13

MSN

Answer 13

Critically appraise and synthesize studies to develop and revise protocols, algorithms, and policies for practice. Implement best research evidence in practice; collaborate in research projects and provide clinical expertise for research.

Question 14

DNP

Answer 14

Participate in evidence-based guideline development; develop, implement, evaluate, and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence-based guidelines in practice; conduct clinical studies, usually in collaboration with other nurse researchers

Question 15

PhD

Answer 15

Major role, such as primary investigator, in conducting research and contributing to the empirical knowledge generated in a selected area of the study; obtain funding for research; coordinate research teams of BSN, MSN, and DNP nurses

Question 16

Postdoctorate

Answer 16

Implement a funded program of research; lead and/or participate in nursing and interdisciplinary research teams; identified as experts in their areas of research; mentor Ph-D-prepared researchers.