Ch. 1

Question 1

Authoritarianism

Answer 1

A type of regime in which only the government itself is fully contolled by the ruler. Social and economic institutions exist that are not under the government’s control

Question 2

Authority

Answer 2

The right and power of a government or other entity to enforce its decisions

Question 3

Bill of Rights

Answer 3

The first 10 amendments to the U.S Constitution

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

An economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth-creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract

Question 5

Civil Liberties

Answer 5

Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religon and of speech, that are protected for all individuals in a society

Question 6

Conservatism

Answer 6

A set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and a cautious response to change.

Question 7

Conservative Movement

Answer 7

An American movement founded in the 1950’s that provides a comprehensive ideological framework for conservative politics

Question 8

Democracy

Answer 8

A system of government in which political authority is vested in the people

Question 9

Democratic Republic

Answer 9

A republic in which leaders elected by the people make and enforce laws and politics

Question 10

Direct Democracy

Answer 10

A system of government in which political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than by their elected representatives

Question 11

Elite Theory

Answer 11

The argument that society is ruled by a smaller number of people who exercise power to further their self interest

Question 12

Equality

Answer 12

As a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth

Question 13

Government

Answer 13

The institution that has the ultimate authority for making decisions that resolve conflicts and allocate benefits and privileges within a society

Question 14

Ideology

Answer 14

A comprehensive set beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of an institution or government

Question 15

Initiative

Answer 15

A process y which voters can petition to vote on a law or a constitutional amendment

Question 16

Institution

Answer 16

An ongoing organization that performs certain functions for society

Question 17

Legitimacy

Answer 17

popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority

Question 18

Liberalism

Answer 18

A set of beliefs that includes advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support of civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change

Question 19

Libertarianism

Answer 19

A political ideology based on skepticism or opposition toward most government activities

Question 20

Liberty

Answer 20

The greatest freedom of the individual that is consistent with the freedom of other individuals in the society

Question 21

Limited Government

Answer 21

A government with powers that are limed either through a written document or through widely shared beliefs

Question 22

Majoritarianism

Answer 22

A political theory holding that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want

Question 23

Major Rule

Answer 23

A basic principle of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies

Question 24

Order

Answer 24

A state of peace and security. Maintaining order by protecting members of society from violence and criminal activity is oldest purposes of government

Question 25

Pluralism

Answer 25

A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups. Political decision making is characterized by bargaining and compromise

Question 26

Political Culture

Answer 26

A patterned set of ideas, values, and ways of thinking about government and politics that characterizes a people

Question 27

Political Socialization

Answer 27

The process by which people acquire political beliefs and values

Question 28

Politics

Answer 28

The struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant or withhold benefits or privileges

Question 29

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 29

The concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people

Question 30

Progressive

Answer 30

A popular alternative to the term liberal

Question 31

Property

Answer 31

Anything that is or may be subject to ownership

Question 32

Recall

Answer 32

A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from office before his/her term has expired

Question 33

Referendum

Answer 33

An electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval

Question 34

Representative Democracy

Answer 34

A form of government in which leaders elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies, but in which the monarchy may be retained in a ceremonial role

Question 35

Republic

Answer 35

A form of government in which sovereign power rests with the people, rather that with a king or a monarch

Question 36

Socialism

Answer 36

A political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality. Socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major businesses are taken over by the government or by employee cooperatives

Question 37

Totalitarian Regime

Answer 37

A form of government that controls all aspects of the political, social, and economic life of a nation

Question 38

Universal Suffrage

Answer 38

The right of all adults to vote for their representatives

Question 39

Working Class

Answer 39

Currently those with no college education. Traditionally, individuals or families in which the head of household was employed in manual or unskilled labor