Ch 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

The study of matter

Question 3

Alchemy

Answer 3

thought that all matter was composed of different proportions of the four basic elements—fire, water, earth, and air

Goal: to turn base metals into gold

Question 4

Physical chemistry

Answer 4

macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems

Ex: rates of reactions, energy transfers, physical structures

Question 5

Organic chemistry

Answer 5

Carbon + hydrogen. The ppl make plastics and drugs.

Question 6

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 6

Minerals and metals. No carbon

Question 7

Analytical chemistry

Answer 7

Composition of matter. Figure out what and how much

Question 8

Biochemistry

Answer 8

Drug makers, works with body

Question 9

Law vs theory

Answer 9

Law says what happens and not the why

Theory attempts to explain why nature behaves as it does (incomplete/imperfect)

Question 10

Pure vs applied research

Answer 10

Pure focuses on answering basic questions

Applied would be involved in the process of developing specific preparation for things

Question 11

Physical properties

Answer 11

Size, Shape, Color, odor
Mass, density
Boiling/melting point
State
Thermal conductivity
Solubility
Ductility, malleability

Question 12

Chemical properties

Answer 12

Flammability, combustion
Oxidation
Rusting
Decomposition
Inertness
Light sensitive

Question 13

Substance

Answer 13

Any sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout the sample

Question 14

Element

Answer 14

A substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components

Question 15

Compound

Answer 15

A substance that can be broken down into chemically simpler components because it has more than one element

Question 16

Atom

Answer 16

The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element

Question 17

Molecule

Answer 17

The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound

Question 18

Organic compound

Answer 18

contain carbon, hydrogen, and usually another element from the right side of the periodic table

Question 19

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 19

obvious combinations of two or more substances

Question 20

Homogeneous mixture (solution)

Answer 20

Mixtures with a consistent composition throughout

Question 21

Solid to liquid
Solid to gas

Answer 21

Melting, fusion
Sublimation

Question 22

Liquid to gas
Liquid to solid

Answer 22

Boiling, evaporation
Solidification, freezing

Question 23

Gas to liquid
Gas to solid

Answer 23

Condensation
Deposition

Question 24

Solid

Answer 24

definite shape and a definite volume
Low kinetic energy
Particles move slow

Question 25

Liquid

Answer 25

definite volume but not a definite shape; they take the shape of their containers Still organized More kinetic energy

Question 26

Gas

Answer 26

neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, and they expand to fill their containers Most kinetic energy Hard to contain

Question 27

Mutagen

Answer 27

able to alter DNA and could result in carcinogenesis

Question 28

Carcinogen

Answer 28

able to cause cancer (benzene, radon, asbestos)

Question 29

Neurotoxin

Answer 29

affects the nervous system (lead and mercury)

Question 30

Teratogen

Answer 30

affects developing fetus or embryo (thalidomide and Accutane)

Question 31

Corrosive

Answer 31

can chemically destroy things easily (acids/bases)

Question 32

Flammable/combustible

Answer 32

able to catch on fire (gasoline and acetone)

Question 33

Volatile

Answer 33

a liquid that can transform into gas easily (gasoline and acetone)

Question 34

Ts

Answer 34

Tennessine Discovered by Russia-US collaboration Named after Tennessee Created in 2010 Discovered element in 2019 Half life is 51 milliseconds

Question 35

How were the last 4 elements made?

Answer 35

Fire a beam of atoms into a different type of atom and the atoms fuse

Question 36

Components of scientific method

Answer 36

1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. Accept or modify hypothesis 5. Develop law and/or theory

Question 37

Name a neurotransmitter & give a fact about it

Answer 37

Dopamine causes feelings of pleasure, addiction, movement, and motivation. People repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release.