Ch 1

Question 1

a complex system of multiple universal elements, such as language, value, traditions, and behaviors that coalesce, in different combinations akin to a kaleidoscope, to create a whole

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

visible and observable and provides evidence of human development through interactions with and transformation of the environment

Answer 2

External culture

Question 3

aspects of culture that are expressed in individual lives, particularly the ways people behave in certain situations

Answer 3

Internal culture

Question 4

food, art, literature, festival celebrations, and traditional clothes is an example of what type of culture

Answer 4

External

Question 5

gestures, facial expressions, and behavioral norms are examples of what type of culture?

Answer 5

Internal

Question 6

Any group whose members agree on symbolic elements that are essential to the group’s core identity

Answer 6

Culture group

Question 7

flags, logos, other symbols that require insider knowledge are an example of what

Answer 7

Culture group

Question 8

Culture can be conceived of as a process that is

Answer 8

learned, localized, patterned, value based, and adaptive

Question 9

Context culture can be either

Answer 9

High or low

Question 10

people know more about others in their cultural group implicitly and can understand the meaning of what is said without it being stated explicitly

Answer 10

High context culture

Question 11

communication is clear and transparent even to those outside the cultural group. Communication is explicit, specific, and detailed to ensure the meaning is understood by people of diverse backgrounds or contexts

Answer 11

Low context culture

Question 12

Asian, Latin American, and Mediterranean countries are which type of context

Answer 12

High

Question 13

U.S. and northern European nations are ____ context; communication is literal, and words communicate the message in its entirety

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

5 dimensions for understanding culture

Answer 14

•Power distance
•Individualism vs. collectivism
•Uncertainty avoidance
•Masculinity vs. femininity
•Time orientation

Question 15

Two types of knowledge People acquire about their own culture from the inside.

Answer 15

Emic and etic knowledge

Question 16

cultural knowledge acquired early in life through socialization

Answer 16

Emic knowledge

Question 17

information acquired explicitly in theoretical ways (e.g. - reading) or through observation (of people from that culture)

Answer 17

Etic knowledge

Question 18

The process by which people acquire the characteristics of a culture group

Answer 18

Socialization

Question 19

Ways socialization is acquired

Answer 19

family members teach a child situation-appropriate behaviors initially, and the child’s circle expands, community institutions like schools also contribute to socialization

Question 20

Socialization into multiple cultural groups occurs throughout the ___________

Answer 20

Lifespan

Question 21

symbols and systems of meaning that are relevant to members of a particular culture or society

Answer 21

Culture codes

Question 22

True/False: culture codes work subconsciously, shaping behaviors that make people distinctly American or French or Japanese. They influence how people process information, conduct their social lives, and assign hidden meanings to things

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Membership in a group comes with the expectation that the individual accepts group values and norms.

Answer 23

Deviation

Question 24

With deviation, doing differently can be a source of cultural conflict when WHAT type of knowledge contributes to bias, stereotypes, and attitudinal intolerances.

Answer 24

Emic knowledge

Question 25

Levels of cultural influence

Answer 25

Individual Interpersonal Organizational Structural

Question 26

Interpersonal cultural influence

Answer 26

Family, friends, and social groups

Question 27

Organizational cultural influence

Answer 27

Personal and professional community

Question 28

Structural cultural influences

Answer 28

Societal, state, national, and global laws, regulations, and policies

Question 29

highly varied, complex, and specific to migrants’ local-level social, economic, and political contexts

Answer 29

Patterns of migration

Question 30

describes the hybrid culture that evolves through the blending of home or heritage culture and host or receiving culture

Answer 30

Ethnogenesis

Question 31

occurs when people encounter and experience cultures that are different from their original culture; these transformative experiences shape & alter people, their occupations, and their environments

Answer 31

Acculturation

Question 32

A society in which individuals form different cultural groups coexist, enjoy the freedom to retain their cultural practices, and participate in the larger society. The process happens over time.

Answer 32

Cultural pluralism

Question 33

mixing of languages that happens with bilingual speakers Can be expanded to include mixing behaviors and attitudes as adaptive strategies to cope with the stress of navigating different cultural spaces. It is used by members of all cultural groups to fit in, to stand apart, or to communicate in a tacit manner in a contewxt different from their most proximal or familiar context.

Answer 33

Code switching

Question 34

considering the intersections among multiple issues (race, gender, class) AND takes into account the social and political institutional inequities and power differentials that lead to and perpetuate cumulative disadavatages of certain disenfranchised groups Are two unique perspectives of what?

Answer 34

Intersection framework

Question 35

the principles or beliefs that people hold about what is fundamentally important in life. These beliefs influence behavioral standards and action; prescribe what is deemed appropriate behavior given a particular situation

Answer 35

Values

Question 36

beliefs, assumptions, attitudes, motivations, and behaviors adhered to by a specific culture group. They are the lenses group members use to view themselves, the world, and outsiders

Answer 36

Culture-specific values

Question 37

6 characteristics that all values share

Answer 37

1.Values are beliefs that are related to emotions. 2.Values are concerned with desirable actions or goals. 3.Values transcend specific situations and actions. 4.Values set the norms or standards. 5.Values have a rank order of importance. 6.The relative importance of values is situation dependent and guides the course of action or behavior.

Question 38

type of goal or motivation it expresses

Answer 38

Distinguishing factor

Question 39

products of values and guide interpersonal behaviors and relationships

Answer 39

Attitudes

Question 40

prevailing negative ways of feeling or thinking in any society that affect interpersonal interactions, social inclusion, and participation for certain groups Example: racism

Answer 40

Attitudinal barriers

Question 41

refers to the notion of a single American cultural identity in which immigrants forsake their original culture and adopt the dominant cultural values to assimilate into mainstream American culture

Answer 41

Melting pot metaphor

Question 42

captures the idea of immigrants’ retaining their own culture while adopting aspects of mainstream culture to better participate in everyday life

Answer 42

Salad bowl metaphor

Question 43

Belief in a set of common core values. Essential for society to function.

Answer 43

National idenditiy

Question 44

The phenomenon of global economic cooperation and integration that has facilitated the easy movement of people, goods, services, ideas, and culture across nations process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities

Answer 44

Globalization

Question 45

the economic, technological and cultural hegemony of the industrialized nations, which determines the direction of both economic and social progress, defines cultural values, and standardizes the civilization and cultural environment throughout the world

Answer 45

Cultural imperialism

Question 46

These two things influence each other reciprocally; as one evolves, so does the other

Answer 46

Technology and culture

Question 47

Centrality of occupation, Client-centered practice, Autonomy, Individualism, and Recognizing professional cultural bias describe the what of OT

Answer 47

Values

Question 48

Views the purview of health care as treating impairments in the body systems caused by pathology, trauma, and other health conditions,

Answer 48

Biomedical culture of the health care system

Question 49

Current paradigm of health & well-being

Answer 49

Biopsychosocial paradigm

Question 50

holds that biological, psychological, and social factors play an equally significant role in human functioning. This paradigm best matches occupational therapy's culture and values

Answer 50

Biopsychosocial paradigm

Question 51

How does adopting the biopsychosocial paradigm support the OT profession?

Answer 51

By addressing contextual factors and their contributions to occupational issues, health, and well-being and embracing an ideological shift from the biomedical paradigm to the biopsychosocial paradigm

Question 52

the study of humans as occupational beings and the occupational meanings, experiences, and contextual aspects that enrich the health, well-being, and quality of human lives.

Answer 52

Occupational science

Question 53

the right of people to engage in occupations to sustain their health and well-being

Answer 53

Occupational justice

Question 54

the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values

Answer 54

EBP

Question 55

includes both personal and environmental factors among the influences on health, and medicine

Answer 55

ICF model

Question 56

a fundamental tenet of the OT profession, is challenged by reimbursement, scope of practice issues, billing codes, and organizational role delineation.

Answer 56

Holistic practice