Ch: 1

Question 1

What is an active ingredient?

Answer 1

the specific component of a drug that accomplishes the treatment or prevention of disease.

Question 2

What is bioequivalence?

Answer 2

when two drugs are metabolized and processed by the body the same way.

Question 3

What is pharmaceutical equivalence?

Answer 3

a drug that has the same active ingredient, dosage, concentration/strength, and route of administration as the brand product.

Question 4

What is the Orange Book?

Answer 4

an FDA database that names drug products that meet the safety effectiveness requirements of the FDA.

Question 5

What is tolerence?

Answer 5

the reduced sensitivity to a drug with a subsequent need for more of a drug to achieve a desired affect.

Question 6

What is cross-tolerence?

Answer 6

the reduced sensitivity to a substance effects because of a developed tolerence to another similar drug.

Question 7

What is an additive effect?

Answer 7

each drug’s effect is simply added to the other to come up with a combined total effect (1+1=2)

Question 8

What is synergism?

Answer 8

an exaggerated effect caused by the use of two or more drugs that are similar in action (1+1=5)

Question 9

What is potentiation?

Answer 9

where one drug intensifies the effect of another (0+1=10)

Question 10

What is antagonism?

Answer 10

where one drug counteracts the effects of another.

Question 11

What does grapefruit contain?

Answer 11

furanocommarins

Question 12

What drugs should you avoid eating grapefruit with?

Answer 12

statins, bp meds (this can alter the way statin drugs are absorbed or mentabolized which increases the levels on the drug in the body)

Question 13

What does natural black licorice contain?

Answer 13

glycyrrhiza

Question 14

What drug should you avoid taking and eating natural black licorice with?

Answer 14

digoxin

Question 15

What does natural black licorice do to digoxin?

Answer 15

it can deplete potassium in the body. Lowered potassium intensifies digoxin and its side effects.

Question 16

Does artificial black licorice affect digoxin?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What does chocolate and aged cheese contain?

Answer 17

tyramine (an amino acid that helps bp regulation)

Question 18

What drugs should you avoid eating chocolate and aged cheese with?

Answer 18

MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

Question 19

What does the combination of MAOIs and chocolate/aged cheese do?

Answer 19

it can cause an increased bp to unsafe levels

Question 20

What do green leafy vegetables contain?

Answer 20

vitamin K (which helps with blood clotting)

Question 21

What drug should you avoid eating leafy greeg vegetables with?

Answer 21

Warfarin

Question 22

What can the combination of warfarin and green leafy vegetables do?

Answer 22

it can reduce the effectiveness of the blood thinner and cause issues in those with Cardio vascular disease.

Question 23

What is a drug-disease interaction?

Answer 23

when a drug intended for therapeutic use causes some harmful effects because of a disease or condition a patient has.

Question 24

What does nephrotoxic mean?

Answer 24

a drug toxic to the kidneys.

Question 25

What is hypertension?

Answer 25

high blood pressure

Question 26

What things do not go well with hypertension?

Answer 26

otc decongestants, NSAIDS, and antiacids.

Question 27

What do otc decongestants do in terms of hypertension?

Answer 27

they shrink the blood vessels which raises BP

Question 28

What do NSAIDS do in terms of hypertension?

Answer 28

can cause fluid retention

Question 29

What do antacids do in terms of hypertension?

Answer 29

it contains magnesium, which can affect heart rhythm.

Question 30

What is Beers criteria?

Answer 30

recommendations as to what drugs should be avoided or given with caution in patients over 65.

Question 31

What is an adverse drug reaction?

Answer 31

a bad side effect

Question 32

What is paradoxical reaction?

Answer 32

reactions to a drug that are opposite of the intended effect.

Question 33

what are idiosyncratic reactions?

Answer 33

rare and unpredictable drug reactions that dont occur in most patients (can be easily life threatening)

Question 34

What are drugs interactions?

Answer 34

a state of a drug interacting with another drug or component in diet

Question 35

What are some common side effects?

Answer 35

headache, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, constipation, skin irritation, dry mouth

Question 36

What are some severe side effects?

Answer 36

swelling, difficulty breathing, seizures, very low bp

Question 37

What does a drug having a narrow therapeutic index mean?

Answer 37

it is only safe and effective within a small range.

Question 38

What is a contraindication?

Answer 38

what makes a medication or process not recommended. this outlines why a person should or not receive treatment.

Question 39

What are types on contraindications?

Answer 39

absolute, and relative

Question 40

What is an absolute contraindication?

Answer 40

where a procedure or drug could be life threatening and should be avoided.

Question 41

What is a relative contraindication?

Answer 41

where a procedure or drug should be used with caution in situations where the benefits outweigh the risks