Ch 1

Question 1

calorie

Answer 1

unit of heat used to express the amount of energy provided by food or expended by the body

Question 2

essential nutrient

Answer 2

nutrient that must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by the body

Question 3

fortification

Answer 3

addition of nutrients to foods.

Question 4

phytochemical

Answer 4

substance found in plant foods that is not an essential nutrient but may have health-promoting properties

Question 5

functional food/nutraceuticals

Answer 5

food that has health-promoting properties beyond basic nutritional functions

Question 6

six classes of nutrients

Answer 6

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals

Question 7

macronutrients

Answer 7

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water

Question 8

micronutrients

Answer 8

Vitamins and minerals

Question 9

Organic compounds

Answer 9

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Question 10

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 10

starches, sugars, fiber

Question 11

Types of lipids

Answer 11

cholesterol, saturated fats, and unsaturated fats

Question 12

All proteins are made up of

Answer 12

units called amino acids that are linked together in different combinations to form different proteins

Question 13

Carbs chemically contain

Answer 13

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in the same proportions as in water (H2O).

Question 14

fiber cannot be

Answer 14

broken down by human digestive enzymes

Question 15

High cholesterol in blood causes

Answer 15

risk of heart disease

Question 16

saturated fat found in

Answer 16

solid animal fats, -> heart disease

Question 17

unsaturated fat found in

Answer 17

plant oils, -> reduced risk of heart disease

Question 18

kilocalories/kcal

Answer 18

units of 1000 calories

Question 19

Carbohydrates provide # calories

Answer 19

4 calories/ gram

Question 20

Lipids provide # calories

Answer 20

9 calories/grams

Question 21

Protein provides # calories

Answer 21

4 calories/gram