Ch 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the main components of a computer system?A:
Users (People using the computer)
Application Programs (Compilers, Databases, Games, Browsers, etc.)
System Programs (Shells, Editors, Compilers, etc.)
Operating System (Interface between user and hardware)
Hardware (CPU, Disks, Memory, etc.)
Application Programs include Compilers, Databases, Games, Video players, Browsers, etc. System Programs include Shells, Editors, Compilers, etc.
What is the role of an Operating System?
An OS is software that manages hardware and software resources, acting as a bridge between the user and the hardware.
The OS ensures smooth operation of applications and devices.
What are the two main roles of an OS?
Resource Manager – Manages CPU, memory, storage, and I/O devices.
User Interface Provider – Allows users to interact via GUI or CLI.
What happens when you open Google Chrome?
The OS allocates memory for Chrome.
It schedules CPU time for Chrome.
It handles communication with input/output devices.
It ensures background apps keep running smoothly.
This illustrates the coordination role of the OS.
What characterizes the 1st Generation of Operating Systems?
No OS; programs were manually loaded via switches.
Users interacted directly with machine code.
First electronic computers lacked an OS.
Early computers were operated without any operating system.
What was a key feature of the 3rd Generation of Operating Systems?
Multiprogramming: Multiple tasks could run simultaneously.
Time-Sharing Systems: Multiple users could interact at once.
UNIX introduced in the 1970s.
This generation allowed multiple users to operate on the same system simultaneously.
What was significant about the 4th Generation of Operating Systems?
Rise of personal computing.
Introduction of Windows, macOS, Linux.
GUIs became standard.
MS-DOS introduced in 1981.
Microsoft introduced MS-DOS in 1981.
What characterized the 2nd Generation of Operating Systems?
Batch Processing: Jobs were grouped into batches and processed sequentially using punch cards. First OS: GMOS.
This system processed jobs in groups or batches.
What are the main features of the 5th Generation of Operating Systems?
Mobile & Cloud Computing.
OS for smartphones: Android, iOS.
Cloud-based services like Google Drive, Dropbox.
Cloud services like Google Drive allow access to files anywhere.
What is a Batch Operating System?
No direct user interaction; jobs are queued and processed sequentially.
Example: Payroll processing.
Example: Payroll processing systems.
What is a Real-Time OS (RTOS)?
Processes tasks with strict timing constraints.
Used in robots, self-driving cars, medical devices.
Example: Tesla’s autopilot system.
Used in robots, self-driving cars, medical devices.
What is Task Scheduling in an RTOS?
High-priority tasks (e.g., detecting an obstacle) execute immediately.
Lower-priority tasks (e.g., playing music) can be delayed.
Scheduling Algorithms: Preemptive, Round Robin, Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS).
Example: Detecting an obstacle in self-driving cars must be executed immediately.
What is a Time-Sharing Operating System?
Multiple users share the CPU simultaneously.
Example: Linux cloud servers.
Example: Linux-based cloud servers.
What is a Distributed Operating System?
Spreads computation across multiple machines.
Example: Google’s server farms.
What are the core functions of an Operating System?
Process Management – Decides which process gets CPU time.
Memory Management – Allocates RAM to running applications.
File System Management – Organizes files and folders.
Device Management – Controls hardware like keyboards, printers, USB devices.
Security & Access Control – Protects resources from unauthorized access.
What command displays the current user in the command line?
whoami
What command creates a new folder in the command line?
mkdir test_folder
Fill in the blank: An OS controls _______ like keyboards, printers, and USB devices.
hardware
True or False: The first operating system was known as GMOS.
True
What is the function of memory management in an OS?
Allocates RAM to running applications
Opening too many apps can slow down your device.
What is the purpose of security and access control in an OS?
Protects system resources from unauthorized access
Examples include user passwords and antivirus software.
What is a Mobile OS?
Designed for touch interaction and connectivity.
Examples: Android, iOS.
What is Fuchsia OS?
OS designed for distributed computing, IoT, smartphones, and cloud services.
Uses Zircon as its microkernel.
Example: Google Search Engine processes billions of queries across distributed servers.
– Navigates into the folder.
cd testfolder
