Ch 1-2

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

• Towards the front of the body
• Example: the sternum is anterior to the heart
• Opposite of posterior
• ventral because it’s related to the belly

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

• Toward the back of the body or relating to the back
• example: the esophagus is posterior to the trachea
• opposite of anterior
• dorsal because it’s relates to the back of the body

Question 3

Ventral

Answer 3

• sometimes used with anterior because it relates to the belly
• towards the front of the body
• example: the aorta is ventral to the vertebral column

Question 4

Dorsal

Answer 4

• sometimes used with posterior because it relates to the back of the body
• towards the back or spine
• example: the vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta

Question 5

Cranial/ cephalic

Answer 5

• cephalic: towards the head or support end

- example: the cephalic end of the embryonic neural tube develops into the brain

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

• upward or above
• example: the heart is superior to the diaphragm
• opposite of inferior

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

• downward or below
• example: the diaphragm is inferior to the heart
• example: the liver is inferior to the diaphragm
• opposite of superior

Question 8

Caudal

Answer 8

• towards the tail or inferior end

- example: they spinal cord is caudal to the brain

Question 9

Medial

Answer 9

• towards the midline of the body
• towards the median plane
• example: the heart is medial to the lungs
• opposite of lateral

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

• away from the midline of the body
• away from the median plane
• example: the eyes are lateral to the nose
• opposite of medial

Question 11

Proximal

Answer 11

• closer to the point of attachment or origin
• example:the elbow is proximal to the wrist
• opposite of distal

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

• farther from the point of attachment or origin
• example: the fingernails are at the distal ends of the fingers
• opposite of proximal

Question 13

Superficial

Answer 13

• closer to the body surface
• example: the skin is superficial to the muscles
• opposite of deep

Question 14

Deep

Answer 14

• away from the surface of the body
• example: in kidney, the medulla is deep to the cortex
• opposite of superficial

Question 15

Transverse Plane

Answer 15

• a plane that’s passes perpendicular to the long taxis of the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions
• also called horizontal plane or cross-section

Question 16

Sagittal Plane

Answer 16

• a plane that passes from the front to the back through the body, dividing it into the right and left portion

Question 17

Midsagittal plane

Answer 17

• a plane that passes through midline of the body and divided it into the right and left halves

Question 18

Frontal/coronal Plane

Answer 18

• a plane that passes side-to-side through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior portions

Question 19

Ventral (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 19

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Question 20

Thoracic (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 20

• location: thorax
• cavity of the chest
• bounded by sternum, ribs and costal cartilages, intercostal muscles, thoracic vertebrae, and diaphragm
• Three subdivisions: a central mediastinum (contains the heart and thoracic parts of great vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus) and bilateral pulmonary cavities ( contains lungs and plurae)

Question 21

Pleural (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 21

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Question 22

Mediastinum (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 22

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Question 23

Pericardial (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 23

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Question 24

Abdominopelvic (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 24

-consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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Question 25

Abdominal (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 25

- stomach - intestines - liver - gallbladder - spleen - pancreas - kidneys - ureters - suprarenal glands - aorta - inferior vena cava - lumbar nerve plexus

Question 26

Pelvic (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 26

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Question 27

Dorsal (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 27

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Question 28

Cranial (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 28

- location: skull | - space in skull that contains brain, meanings, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 29

Spinal (know organs found in cavities)

Answer 29

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Question 30

Homeostasis, + and - feed back

Answer 30

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Question 31

Hydrolysis

Answer 31

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Question 32

Dehydration Systhesis

Answer 32

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Question 33

ATP Generation

Answer 33

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Question 34

Enzyme Action

Answer 34

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Question 35

PH Determination

Answer 35

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Question 36

Ph Buffering

Answer 36

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Question 37

Components and functions of Carbos

Answer 37

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Question 38

Components and function of fats

Answer 38

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Question 39

Components and functions of proteins

Answer 39

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Question 40

Components and functions of nucleic acids

Answer 40

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