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CIS 3343 > CH 1 & 2 (EXAM 1) > Flashcards

CH 1 & 2 (EXAM 1) Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is Data?

A

a raw piece of information

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2
Q

What is Information?

A

grouped data

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3
Q

What is Systems Analysis?

A

process of understanding and specifying in detail what info system SHOULD ACCOMPLISH

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4
Q

What is Systems Design?

A

how components of the system should be PHYSICALLY IMPLEMENTED

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5
Q

What does a Systems Analyst do?

A

a business professional who analyzes and designs techniques to solve business problems using IT

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6
Q

What is a System?

A

collection of interrelated components functioning together to achieve a goal

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7
Q

What is an Info System?

A

components that collect, process, store, and provide output to achieve a business goal

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8
Q

What is a Subsystem?

A

system part of a larger system

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9
Q

What is Functional Decomposition?

A

dividing system into smaller components based on subsystems that can also be broken down

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10
Q

What is a System Boundary?

A

separation between system and environment (inputs and outputs must cross)

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11
Q

What is Automation Boundary?

A

separation between automated and manual part of system

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12
Q

What is a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System?

A

marketing, sales, and service operations system involving direct and indirect customer interaction

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13
Q

What is a Supply Chain Management (SCM) System?

A

product dev, acquisition, manufacturing, and inventory management system

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14
Q

What is an Accounting & Financial (AFM) System?

A

records accounting information to produce financial statements and reports by investors and creditors

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15
Q

What is an HR System?

A

employee tasks (payroll, benefits, hiring, training)

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16
Q

What is a Manufacturing Management System?

A

controls internal production processes (raw to finished goods)

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17
Q

What is a Knowledge Management System (KMS)?

A

supports storage and access to documents for all parts of the org

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18
Q

What is a Collaboration Support System?

A

enables geographical access to collaborate on tasks and projects

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19
Q

What is a Business Intelligence System?

A

strategic planning and executive decision making

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20
Q

What is an Enterprise Resource Planning?

A

org commits to using integrated set of software packages

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21
Q

What is a Database?

A

central managed location to store data and accessible to many users at the same time

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22
Q

Systems Analyst Roles

A

consulting, supporting export, agent of change

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23
Q

Systems Analyst Qualities

A

problem solver, communicator, personal and professional ethics, self-disciplined

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24
Q

What is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? How many phases does it have?

A

phased 7 approaches to solve business problems

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25
Phase 1 SDLC
- identify problems, opportunities, and objectives - interview user management, summarize knowledge obtained, estimate project scope, document results - produce a feasibility report containing problem definition and objective summaries which management can make a decision to proceed with, understand
26
Phase 2 SDLC
determining human info requirements - interview, questionnaires, observe answers, prototype, learn the WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY of the current system - understand the HCI, how to make the new system more useful and usable, understand business functions, have complete info on the people, goals, data involved
27
Phase 3 SDLC
analyze system needs - create DFD's, data dictionary, analyze structured decisions, prepare the proposal - provide recommendations on what, if anything, should be done
28
Phase 4 SDLC
design recommended system - design procedures to enter data accurately, design HCI, design database/files, design backup procedures - provide the model of the actual system
29
Phase 5 SDLC
develop and document software - work with programmers to develop new software, create effective documentation, create FAQ's - provide program and system documentation
30
Phase 6 SDLC
test and maintain the system - test system, maintain and document it - look for problems, update program, and document
31
Phase 7 SDLC
implement and evaluate system - train users, prepare to convert old system to new, review and evaluate system - a new system should be in place
32
What is Maintenance?
removes software errors, enhance software (add features, adhere to business changes, adhere to software and hardware changes)
33
What is the importance of Maintenance Impact?
cost goes up over time and becomes more feasible to perform new studies
34
What are CASE Tools?
improving communication with the user, support modeling functional requirements. draw project boundaries
35
What is the Agile Approach? How many stages?
5 stage software development approach based on values, principles, and core practices - interactive and incremental - frequent iterations are essential
36
Agile Values
communication, simplicity, feedback, courage
37
Stage 1 Agile Approach
exploration - assemble team, skills, potential technology, user stories, adapting an attitude
38
Stage 2 Agile Approach
planning - rules formulating teams relationships with business customers, maximize system value - dev team and business customers
39
Stage 3 Agile Approach
Iterations to the first release - testing, feedback, and change - run customer written function tests end of each iteration
40
Stage 4 Agile Approach
productionizing - product released - additional features
41
Stage 5 Agile Approach
maintenance - new features, riskier recommendations, team member rotations
42
Object-Oriented SAD
an alternate approach to SDLC - unified modeling language - each object is a computer representation of a thing or event
43
UML Step 1
draw use case diagrams - identify actors and major events (stick figures)
44
UML Step 2
write use case scenarios
45
UML Step 3
derive activity diagrams from use cases
46
UML Step 4
develop sequence diagrams
47
UML Step 5
create class diagrams
48
UML Step 6
draw statechart diagrams
49
UML Step 7
modify diagrams and complete specifications
50
UML Step 8
develop and document system
51
Which Method is Best? Agile? SDLC? OOM?
SDLC - system dev and documented using SDLC, communication everywhere, adequate resources and time, upper-level management comfortable Agile - applications developed quickly, rescue takes place OOM - system added gradually, problems modeled, tackle hard tasks first
52
What is Open Source Software?
users add, modify, share, and study code - Ad hoc, standardized, organized, commercial - general structure, environment, goals, method, user community, licensing
53
What shapes organizations?
management, design, and culture
54
What are Interrelated Subsystems?
cut across org system, influenced by cultures and subcultures - operations, middle management, and strategic management
55
Depicting Systems Graphically (what type of information)?
context level DFD, entity relationships, use case modeling
56
What do Organizations as Systems do?
- accomplish goals and objectives - smaller interrelated systems - special functions
57
What are Interrelatedness & Independence in a system?
- systems process inputs - all systems are interrelated and independent - system feedback for planning and control - self-correction and regulation
58
What is Organization Environment factors?
community, economy, politics, legal
59
What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System?
integrated org system - software helping the flow of info between functional areas in the org - moving to cloud - affects employees work, strategic positioning of the company, skills required
60
Issues to overcome for ERP Success
user acceptance, integration with legacy systems, upgrading functionality
61
What is Context level DFD?
data flow in and out - shows system scope and external entities outside scope - process, entity, data flow
62
What are Entity-Relationship Models?
focus on entities and relationships in the system - another way to show system scope
63
How many Relationships are there? What are they?
one to one, one to many, many to many
64
Types of Entities
fundamental, associative, attributive - fundamental: real entity (person, place, thing) - associative: joins 2 entities - attributive: describing attributes
65
How do you Create an ERD?
- list entities of org - choose entities to narrow the scope of the problem - identify the primary entity - confirm results through data gathering
66
What does Use Case Diagram consist of?
what system does without describing it, view of system requirements - actors to define roles of system - symbols (ovals indicating task) - connecting lines that describe behavioral relationships
67
How many Actor Types are there? What are they?
- primary (supply data and provide details) | - supporting (keep the system running)
68
What 3 things does a use case provide?
- actor initiating event - event triggering use case - use case performing actions triggered by the event
69
What are the 4 use case relationships?
- communicates (straight line connected) _____________________ - includes (contains behavior that is commonly more than one other use case; arrow points to common use case) - generalizes (one thing is more general than another and the arrow points to the general thing) _____________________>
70
What is a Scope?
defines system boundaries - in and out of the system, project budget,, start and end time - actors and communication lines
71
How do you Develop Use Case Diagrams?
- review business specifications and identify actors - identify high-level events and primary cases that describe it - determine variations of flow - context DFD can be a starting point for use case
72
What Sections can you find in a Use Case Scenario?
header - name, unique ID, application area, list actors, stakeholders, level, a brief description footer - preconditions, postconditions, assumptions, minimal and success guarantee, outstanding issues, optional priority and risk
73
What are Use Case Levels?
describes the description ``` white (clouds): enterprise kite: business unit / department level blue (sea): user goals indigo (fish): functional / subfunctional black (clam): most details ```
74
What are the 4 steps to create use cases?
- agile stories, definition objectives, user requirements, features list - ask about tasks to be completed - any iterations? - ends when customer goal is met
75
What are the 3 levels of management in an organization?
strategic, managerial, operational
76
What is Operations Control in an organization?
decisions made with predetermined rules and predictable outcomes
77
What is Managerial in an organization?
short term planning and controls decisions about resources and objectives
78
What is Strategic planning in an organization?
defines org as a whole, look ahead to the future, decisions guiding middle and operations manager, uncertain decision-making environments

CIS 3343 (4 decks)

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