ch. 1

Question 1

application of anthropological knowledge, theory and methods to the solution of specific societal problems

Answer 1

applied anthropology

Question 2

comparing similar things in different groups to look for similarities and differences

Answer 2

comparative method

Question 3

rules, standards, and norms shared by a society. is transmitted by learning. largely responsible for human behavior.

Answer 3

culture

Question 4

A member of the genus Homo and especially of the species H. sapiens, A person

Answer 4

homo sapiens

Question 5

study of the biological and cultural factors that affect health disease and sickness

Answer 5

medical anthropology

Question 6

accepted principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of secure knowledge. Established

Answer 6

scientific approach

Question 7

a group of people who occupy a specific locality, share common cultural traditions, and cooperate for their mutual survival

Answer 7

society

Question 8

study of life ways of people from the past through the retrieval and analyzing the material remains of past cultures
The branch of anthropology that studies to attempt to understand the cultures of the past

Answer 8

archaeology

Question 9

sturdy of contemporary cultures and the attempt to understand the general underlying patterns of all human cultures

Answer 9

cultural anthropology

Question 10

viewing a question from the broadest possible perspective

looking for multiple variables to explain the observed phenomenon

Answer 10

holism

Question 11

the branch of anthropology which is particularly concerned with language and how different sorts of communication are related to other aspects of culture

Answer 11

linguistic anthropology

Question 12

attempts to understand what it means to be human from an evolutionary and biological perspective

Answer 12

physical anthropology

Question 13

a group of interrelated and independent parts forming a whole

Answer 13

systems

Question 14

emphasis on culture
holistic perspective 
emphasis on systems 
comparative method 
scientific approach

Answer 14

shared theoretical concepts

Question 15

an organized and specific way of asking and trying to answer questions about an understanding the natural world

Answer 15

science

Question 16

The study of antiquities largely for the sake of the objects themselves and not to understand the people or the cultures that produce them

Answer 16

antiquarianism

Question 17

an anthropological research orientation first introduced by Marvin Harris

Answer 17

cultural materialism

Question 18

The act, manner, or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control

Answer 18

management

Question 19

The period demonstrates the maturation of anthropological archeology with construction for workable models explain culture processes, research that emphasizes the experimental and far ranging topics of interest

Answer 19

explanatory period

Question 20

The last part of the stone age (the New)

Answer 20

neolithic

Question 21

A paradigm that focuses on the humanistic approaches and rejects scientific objectivity; it sees archeology as inherently political and more concerned with interpreting the past than testing hypotheses

Answer 21

postprocessual archaeology

Question 22

a site’s physical structure produced by the deposition of geological and/or cultural sediment in two layers, or strata

Answer 22

stratigraphic

Question 23

anything made, modified, or transported by humans and can provide information about behavior of the past

Answer 23

artifacts

Question 24

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Answer 24

cultural chronology

Question 25

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Answer 25

cultural relativism

Question 26

the study of contemporary peoples to determine how human behavior is translated into archeological record

Answer 26

ethnoarchaeology

Question 27

The act or process of excavating

Answer 27

excavation

Question 28

logical process of inducing general conditions of a whole set of cases from particular circumstances of one or a few

Answer 28

inductive reasoning

Question 29

Hypothesis that links archaeological observations with the human behavior or natural processes that produced them.

Answer 29

middle level theory

Question 30

An occurrence, circumstance, or fact that is perceptible by the senses.

Answer 30

phenomenon

Question 31

is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. Human adaptation refers to both biological and cultural processes that enable a population to survive and reproduce within a given or changing environment

Answer 31

cultural ecology

Question 32

is a principle that was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students.

Answer 32

cultural relativism

Question 33

Primary research interest was in the documentation of traits of different cultural via collection, classification, and description of cultural remains

Answer 33

descriptive period

Question 34

Continuation of descriptive studies but now also concerned with chronological order of archeology cultures

Answer 34

historical period

Question 35

Of or relating to the cultural period of the Stone Age beginning with the earliest chipped stone tools, about 750,000 years ago, until the beginning of the Mesolithic Period, about 15,000 years ago.

Answer 35

paleolithic

Question 36

A black basalt stone tablet found in 1799 that bear inscriptions in two forms of ancient Greek and ancient Egyptian

Answer 36

Rosetta stone

Question 37

a paradigm holding that human culture is the expression of unconscious models of thought and reasoning, nobility binary oppositions. Is most closely associated with the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss

Answer 37

structuralism

Question 38

?

Answer 38

chronometric date

Question 39

the systematic description of a culture based on direct, first hand observation and often participation

Answer 39

ethnography

Question 40

Logical process of deducing the circumstances of particular cases from conditions specified by general theories

Answer 40

deductive reasoning

Question 41

A tentative explanation of some phenomenon or related phenomena

Answer 41

hypothesis

Question 42

A customary manner of living; a way of life

Answer 42

lifeways

Question 43

Theory that seeks to answer large “why” questions

Answer 43

High-level theory

Question 44

History of humankind in the period before recorded history.

Answer 44

Prehistory

Question 45

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Answer 45

cultural evolution

Question 46

The spread of linguistic or cultural practices or innovations within a community or from one community to another.

Answer 46

diffusion

Question 47

Physical material within which artifacts are embedded or supported

Answer 47

matrix

Question 48

an approach that stresses the dynamic relationship between social and economic aspects of culture and the environment as the basis for understanding the process of culture change. Tends to emphasize scientific method

Answer 48

Processual archaeology

Question 49

Period in which basic perceptions of the world and how it works were undergoing fundamental changes

Answer 49

speculative period

Question 50

The science that deals with the determination of dates and the sequence of events.

Answer 50

chronology

Question 51

study and interpretation of ancient inscriptions

Answer 51

epigraphy

Question 52

systematic and comparative study of culture, including modern and past cultures.

Answer 52

ethnology

Question 53

illustrations based on stylized symbolic forms; study and interpretation of such images

Answer 53

iconography

Question 54

The observations and interpretations that emerge from hands-on archaeological field-work

Answer 54

low-level theory

Question 55

The overarching framework, often unstated, for understanding a research problem. Its a researcher's "culture"

Answer 55

paradigms

Question 56

Scientific explanation of the world that has been widely tested and accepted as more useful than other competing explanations

Answer 56

theory

Question 57

Relying upon or gained from | experience or direct observation

Answer 57

empirical

Question 58

A continuing intellectual dialogue in which thinkers strive for increased understanding.

Answer 58

Dialectic

Question 59

General set of ideas and observations accepted by most trained practitioners of a particular field of science, at a given point in time

Answer 59

Scientific paradigm