ch. 1-3

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

the study of structures

Question 2

what is physiology?

Answer 2

study of their functions

Question 3

What is Radiograpghy?

Answer 3

-X-rays
A technique of medical imaging, photographing internal structures

Question 4

common uses of x-ray

Answer 4

dentistry, mammography, diagnosis of fractures

Question 5

disadvantages of x-ray

Answer 5

organs overlap, can cause cancer

Question 6

Computed Tomography (CT scan)

Answer 6

-A slice of body with little organ overlap
- much sharper image than x-ray

Question 7

what is CT used for?

Answer 7

identifying tumors, cerebral hemorrhages, kidney stones

Question 8

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 8

-better than CT for visualizing soft tissue
-Patient surrounded by large electromagnet, tissue responds to magnetic field and radio waves

Question 9

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 9

visualizes changes in physiology

Question 10

Positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Answer 10

-injection of radioactively labeled glucose, highlights most active ares of body
- can diagnose cancer
-example of nuclear medicine

Question 11

Sonography

Answer 11

-safer, uses handheld device against skin
-emits ultrasound, recurves signals reflected back from internal organs
- cons: does not provide very sharp image

Question 12

metabolism

Answer 12

sum of all chemical changes in an organism

Question 13

Homeostasis

Answer 13

Internal stability despite a changing external environment
EX: stable temperature, blood pressure, and body

Question 14

why is homeostasis important?

Answer 14

loss of homeostatic control tends to cause illness or death

Question 15

Negative feedback

Answer 15

-maintains homeostasis
-IS A KEY MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING HEALTH
-ex: shivering, sweating

Question 16

Does negative feedback produce absolute constancy?

Answer 16

NO, it’s it maintains physiological values within narrow range, fluctuate slightly around a SET POINT

Question 17

Negative feedback examples

Answer 17

when you stand up gravity pulls blood back down; blood pressure falls
-this makes the heart beat faster, raising blood pressure and returning the body to homeostasis

Question 18

Receptor

Answer 18

a structure that senses change in body

Question 19

Integrating (control) center

Answer 19

processes information, makes response decision

Question 20

Effectors

Answer 20

carry out response to restore homeostasis

• end of loop. response is then sensed by receptor, this completes the feedback loop

Question 21

positive feedback

Answer 21

self-amplifying cycle where change in the jody leads to a greater change in the same direction

Question 22

organism

Answer 22

an individual

Question 23

organ system

Answer 23

-group of organs that carry out basic function
-there are 11 organ systems (ex circulation, respiratory, digestion)

Question 24

organ

Answer 24

composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function
ex: heart, skin, bones

Question 25

Tissue

Answer 25

a mass of similar cells and cell products that perform a specific function

Question 26

Cells

Answer 26

smallest units that carry out the functions of life

Question 27

Organelles

Answer 27

- microscopic structures that carry out cell’s functions composed of MOLECULES, molecules are made of ATOMS

Question 28

sagittal plane

Answer 28

extends vertically, dividing the body into right and left portions

Question 29

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 29

extends vertically, divides body into front and back

Question 30

transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 30

divided body into upper and lower portions

Question 31

axial

Answer 31

-everything but the limbs(head, neck, trunk) trunk is further divided into thoracic region above diaphragm, abdominal and pelvic regions below the diaphragm

Question 32

body cavities that are open to the environment are lined by

Answer 32

mucous membranes