CH 1-3

Question 1

The output of the Engineers are very much needed in the following specific problem concerns:

Answer 1

1. production of production of more food for a fast growing world population;
2. the elimination of air and water pollution;
3. solid waste disposal and materials recycling;
4. the reduction of noise in various forms;
5. supplying the increasing demand for energy;
6. supplying the increasing demand for mobility;
7. preventing and solving crimes; and
8. meeting the increasing demand for communication facilities.

Question 2

where the engineer is engaged in the process of learning about nature and codifying this knowledge into usable theories.

Answer 2

Research

Question 3

where the engineer undertakes the activity of turning a product concept to a finished physical item.

Answer 3

Design and Development

Question 4

where the engineer works in a unit where new products or parts are tested for workability.

Answer 4

Testing

Question 5

where the engineer is directly in charge of production personnel or assumes responsibility for the product.

Answer 5

Manufacturing

Question 6

this is where the construction engineer (a civil engineer) is either directly in charge of the construction personnel or may have responsibility for the quality of the construction process.

Answer 6

Construction

Question 7

where the engineer assists the company’s customers to meet their needs, especially those that require technical expertise.

Answer 7

Sales

Question 8

where the engineer works as consultant of any individual or organization requiring his services.

Answer 8

Consulting

Question 9

where the engineer may find employment in the government performing any of the various tasks in regulating, monitoring, and coptrolling the activities of various institutions, public or private.

Answer 9

Government

Question 10

where the engineer gets employment in a school and is assigned as a teacher of engineering courses.

Answer 10

Teaching

Question 11

where the engineer is assigned to manage groups of people performing specific tasks.

Answer 11

Management

Question 12

From the viewpoint of the engineer, organizations may be classified according to the degree of engineering jobs performed:

Answer 12

1. Level One - those with minimal engineering jobs
2. Level Two - those with moderate degree of engineering jobs
3. Level Three - those with a high degree of engineering jobs

Question 13

refers to the activity combining “technical knowledge with the ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.”

Answer 13

Engineering Management

Question 14

When the engineer is assigned to supervise the work of even a few people, he is already engaged in the first phase of engineering management. His main responsibility is to…

Answer 14

lead his group into producing a certain output consistent with the required specifications.

Question 15

The top position an engineer manager may hope to occupy is the _____________

Answer 15

general membership or presidency of any firm, large or small

Question 16

may be defined as the “creative problem-
solving process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization’s resources to achieve its mission and objectives.”

Answer 16

Management

Question 17

is a process consisting of planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling.

Answer 17

Management

Question 18

Kreitner indicates at least three general preconditions for achieving lasting success as a manager. They are:

Answer 18

1. ability
2. motivation to manage
3. opportunity

Question 19

refers to the capacity of an engineer manager to achieve organizational objectives effectively and efficiently.

Answer 19

Managerial Ability

Question 20

refers to a description of “whether objectives are accomplished”

Answer 20

Effectiveness

Question 21

is a description of the relative amount of resources used in obtaining effectiveness.

Answer 21

Efficiency

Question 22

may be defined as “the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action in a manner appropriate to the demands of the situation.”

Answer 22

Decision-Making

Question 23

_____________ according to Nickels and others,”is the heart of all the management functions.”

Answer 23

Decision-Making

Question 24

Rational decision-making, according to David H. Holt, is a process involving the following steps:

Answer 24

1. diagnose problem
2. analyze environment
3. articulate problem or opportunity
4. develop viable alternatives
5. evaluate alternatives
6. make a choice
7. implement decision
8. evaluate and adapt deciaion results

Question 25

exists when there is a difference between an actual situation and a desired situation.

Answer 25

**Problem**

Question 26

Examples of internal limitations:

Answer 26

1. Limited funds available for the purchase of equipment. 2. Limited training on the part of employees. 3. Ill-designed facilities.

Question 27

Examples of external limitations:

Answer 27

**1. Patents are controlled by other organizations. 2. A very limited market for the company's products and services exists 3. Strict enforcement of local zoning regulations.**

Question 28

The environment consists of two major concerns:

Answer 28

1. Internal; and 2. External

Question 29

refers to organizational activities within a firm that surrounds decision-making.

Answer 29

**Internal Environment**

Question 30

refers to variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management.

Answer 30

**External Environment**

Question 31

it is the process of selecting among alternatives representing potential solutions to a problem.

Answer 31

**Choice-Making**

Question 32

refer to the likelihood of achieving the goals of the alternatives.

Answer 32

**Risk Characteristics**

Question 33

refers to carrying out the decision so that the objectives sought will be achieved.

Answer 33

**Implementation**

Question 34

refers to benefits that can be expected.

Answer 34

**Value of the alternatives**

Question 35

refers to the process which requires checking at each stage of the process to assure that the alternatives generated, the criteria used in evaluation, and the solution selected for implementation are in keeping with the goals and objectives originally specified

Answer 35

**Feedback**

Question 36

refers to actions made to ensure that activities performed match the desired activities or goals, that have been set.

Answer 36

**Control**

Question 37

In decision-making, the engineer manager is faced with problems which may either be simple or complex. To provide him with some guide, he must be familiar with the following approaches:

Answer 37

1. Qualitative Evaluation; and 2. Quantitative Evaluation

Question 38

This term refers to evaluation of alternatives using intuition and subjective judgment.

Answer 38

**Qualitative Evaluation**

Question 39

This term refers to the evaluation of alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.

Answer 39

**Quantitative Evaluation**

Question 40

consist of several types all designed to help the engineer manager make decisions regarding inventory.

Answer 40

**Inventory Models**

Question 41

this one is used to calculate the number of items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of placing orders and carrying the items in inventory.

Answer 41

**Economic Order Quantity Model**

Question 42

this is an economic order quantity technique applied to production orders.

Answer 42

**Production Order Quantity Model**

Question 43

this is an inventory model used for planned shortages.

Answer 43

**Back Order Inventory Model**

Question 44

an inventory model used to minimize the total cost when quantity discounts are offered by suppliers.

Answer 44

**Quantity Discount Model**

Question 45

is the one that describes how to determine the number of service units that will minimize both customer waiting time and cost of service.

Answer 45

**The Queuing Theory**

Question 46

These are models where large complex tasks are broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently.

Answer 46

**Network Models**

Question 47

a technique which enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects by employing three time estimates for each activity.

Answer 47

**The Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)**

Question 48

this is a network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects.

Answer 48

**The Critical Path Method (CPM)**

Question 49

maybe defined as "the collection of past and current information to make predictions about the future"

Answer 49

**Forecasting**

Question 50

is a forecasting method that examines the association between two or more variables. It uses data from previous periods to predict future events

Answer 50

**Regression Model**

Question 51

________________ may be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent variables present.

Answer 51

**Regression Analysis**

Question 52

In regression analysis, when one independent variable is involved, it is called ________

Answer 52

**simple regression**

Question 53

In regression analysis, when two or more independent variables are involved, it is called ____________.

Answer 53

**multiple regression**

Question 54

is a model constructed to represent reality, on which conclusions about real-life problems can be used.

Answer 54

**Simulation**

Question 55

is a quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by constraints upon the decision.

Answer 55

**Linear Programming**

Question 56

is a quantitative technique where samples of populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of processes, such as quality control and marketing research.

Answer 56

**Sampling Technique**

Question 57

refers to the "rational way to conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving limited, or partial information about the decision environment."

Answer 57

**Decision-Theory**

Question 58

A __________, which is the output of planning, provides a methodical way of achieving desired results.

Answer 58

**Plan**

Question 59

refers to "the management function that involves anticipating future trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational objectives."

Answer 59

**Planning**

Question 60

According to ___________, on the other hand, define planning as "the selection and sequential ordering of tasks required to achieve an organizational goal."

Answer 60

**Aldug and Stearns**

Question 61

according to them, planning is deciding what will be done, who will do it, where, when and how it will be done, and the standards to which it will be done.

Answer 61

**Cole and Hamilton**

Question 62

Planning activities undertaken at various levels are:

Answer 62

1. Top Management Level - strategic planning 2. Middle Management Level - intermediate planning 3. Lower Management Level - operational planning

Question 63

refers to the process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.

Answer 63

**Strategic Planning**

Question 64

refers to "the process of determining the contributions that subunits can make with allocated resources."

Answer 64

**Intermediate Planning**

Question 65

refers to "the process of determining how specific tasks can best be accomplished on time with available resources."

Answer 65

**Operational Planning**

Question 66

may be defined as the "precise statement of results sought, quantified in time and magnitude, where possible."

Answer 66

**Goals**

Question 67

The process of planning consists of various steps depending on the management level that performs the planning task. Generally, however, planning involves the following:

Answer 67

1. setting organizational, divisional, or unit goals 2. developing strategies or tactics to reach those goals 3. determining resources needed; and 4. setting standards.

Question 68

defined as "a course of action aimed at ensuring that the organization will achieve its objectives."

Answer 68

**Strategy**

Question 69

is a short-term action taken by management to adjust to negative internal or external influences.

Answer 69

**Tactic**

Question 70

defined as "a quantitative or qualitative measuring device designed to help monitor the performances of people, capital goods, or processes."

Answer 70

**Standard**

Question 71

this is the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organization's marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy.

Answer 71

**Marketing Plan**

Question 72

this is a written document that states the quantity of output a company must produce in broad terms and by product family.

Answer 72

**Production Plan**

Question 73

it is a document that summarizes the current financial situation of the firm, analyzes financial needs, and recommends a direction for financial activities.

Answer 73

**Financial Plan**

Question 74

it is a document that indicates the human resource needs of a company detailed in terms of quantity and quality and based on the requirements of the company's strategic plan.

Answer 74

**Human resource management plan**

Question 75

these are plans intended to cover period of less than one year.

Answer 75

**Short-range plans**

Question 76

these are plans covering a time span of more than one year.

Answer 76

**Long-range plans**

Question 77

These are plans that are used again and again, and they focus on managerial situations that recur repeatedly.

Answer 77

**Standing Plans**

Question 78

they are broad guidelines to aid managers at every level in making decisions about recurring situations or function.

Answer 78

**Policies**

Question 79

they are plans that describe the exact series of actions to be taken in a given situation.

Answer 79

**Procedures**

Question 80

they are statements that either require or forbid a certain action.

Answer 80

**Rules**

Question 81

These plans are specifically developed to implement courses of action that are relatively unique and are unlikely to be repeated

Answer 81

**Single-Use Plans**

Question 82

Single-use plans may be further classified as:

Answer 82

1. budgets 2. programs; and 3. projects

Question 83

A __________, according to Weston and Brigham, is "a plan which sets forth the projected expenditure for a certain activity and explains where the required funds will come from."

Answer 83

**Budget**

Question 84

is a single-use plan designed to coordinate a large set of activities

Answer 84

**Program**

Question 85

is a single-use plan that is usually more limited in scope than a program and is sometimes prepared to support a program.

Answer 85

**Project**

Question 86

What are the 4 contents of the Human Resources Plan?

Answer 86

1. personnel requirements of the company 2. plans for recruitment and selection 3. training plan 4. retirement plan

Question 87

What are the 3 parts of Strategic Plan?

Answer 87

1. Company or corporate mission 2. Objectives or goals 3. Strategies

Question 88

refers to the "strategic management that identifies why an organization exists, its philosophy of management, and its purpose as distinguished from other similar organizations in terms of products, services, and markets."

Answer 88

**Company or corporate mission**