Ch. 1-3

Question 0

What is scientific method?

Answer 0

Is a known established process to help use better understand the world around us.

Question 1

What is the Scientific Method process?

Answer 1

Observe, Hypothesis, Experiment, Results, & Conclusion.

Question 2

What is genes?

Answer 2

In DNA that are the instructions to make proteins.

Question 3

DNA is instructions to make what?

Answer 3

Proteins. - do most of jobs in cells.

Question 4

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 4

Prokaryotes:
1) Archea
2) Bacteria
Eukaryotes:
3) Eukarya: animals, plants, fungi & Protists.

Question 5

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 6

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 6

A cell.

Question 7

A population is made up of a # of ___ of the same species?

Answer 7

Organisms

Question 8

What is DNA?

Answer 8

Carries the information to be us!

Question 9

Life at Many Levels:

Big -> Us

Answer 9

Biosphere
Ecosystem: non-living
Community-living
Population
Organism

Question 10

Life at Many Levels

Us -> Smaller

Answer 10

Organism
Organs
Tissue
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules 
Atoms

Question 11

What is the biggest cell?

Answer 11

Human Egg

Question 12

What is Amoeba?

Answer 12

Single cell.

Question 13

The property of living things?

Answer 13

Growth, Reproduction, Response to environment, Order, Using energy, Overtime population changes, & Regulate.

Question 14

What is biology?

Answer 14

The scientific study of life.

Question 15

What are Ions?

Answer 15

Are charged atoms.

Question 16

What is isotopes?

Answer 16

Are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
C-12
C-13
C-14 have different # of neutrons

Question 17

What is an Atom?

Answer 17

Is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the element.

Question 18

What is Trace Element?

Answer 18

Needs in small amounts.
Fe- Iron
Cu- Copper
I- Iodine

Question 19

What are the most common elements?

Answer 19

C- Carbon
H- Hydrogen
O- Oxygen
N- Nitrogen

Question 20

What is essential element?

Answer 20

Elements necessary for life.

Question 21

What is compounds?

Answer 21

Formed of 2 or more elements chemically bonded.

Question 22

What is elements?

Answer 22

Cannot be chemically broken down into a different substance.

Question 23

What are the 2 types of bonds?

Answer 23

Covalent- non-poplar & Polar (strong!)

Ionic

Question 24

What are the 3 electron shells?

Answer 24

1st shell: 2e- 2nd shell: 8e- 3rd shell: 8e-

Question 25

What are valence electrons?

Answer 25

Are the electrons in the outermost shell.

Question 26

What the 2 true types of chemical bonds?

Answer 26

Covalent: think valence -2 non-metals Ex: c, o, n, h Ionic: metal & non-metal Attractions between ions-> charges atoms.

Question 27

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

Answer 27

Neutrons, protons, & electrons.

Question 28

The atomic number tells you how many ___ (one of the 3 subatomic particles) are in all atoms of that element?

Answer 28

Protons.

Question 29

Which 2 of the three subatomic particles have a mass?

Answer 29

Neutrons & protons.

Question 30

What is the name given to the electrons found in the outermost shell?

Answer 30

Valence electrons.

Question 31

What is a molecule?

Answer 31

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 32

Is water a compound?

Answer 32

Yes.

Question 33

What are the polar bonds?

Answer 33

O-H O-C N-H N-C

Question 34

What is radioactive isotopes?

Answer 34

Lose particles over time-the nucleus decays spontaneously. Lose particles and energy-in the case of Carbon-14 loses a proton-becomes Nitrogen.

Question 35

The polarity of water molecules plays 4 important roles:

Answer 35

Cohesiveness of water Why water moderates temp. Ice floats Water works as a solvent

Question 36

pH scale.

Answer 36

1 (very acidic) -> 14 (very basic) | Water is in the middle with a pH of 7 (neutral-ish)

Question 37

What is buffer?

Answer 37

These resist changes of pH. | Very important to us: tiny changes in pH can mess up how we function.

Question 38

What both hogs electrons (e-'s)?

Answer 38

Oxygen & nitrogen

Question 39

Is electrons closer to the oxygen?

Answer 39

Yes.

Question 40

What is polar bond?

Answer 40

One side is a little negative. | One side is a little positive.

Question 41

Na+ Cl-

Answer 41

Opposite charged ions attracted to each other.

Question 42

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 42

Are neither true bonds, not do they have to involve Hydrogen. Ex: |||| (hydrogen bond)

Question 43

Know pH (Acidic/basic).

Answer 43

``` Vinegar- acid Baking soda- base Lemon juice-acid Soda- acid Coffee- acid ```

Question 44

The four types of macromolecules?

Answer 44

Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (lipids) plus nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

Question 45

Mono means?

Answer 45

One.

Question 46

Poly means?

Answer 46

Many.

Question 47

Losing a water is?

Answer 47

Dehydration.

Question 48

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 48

The breaking apart of a polymer using H2O. | Lysis means to break.

Question 49

What is carbohydrates?

Answer 49

Sugars (simple, disaccharides) and polymers of sugars.

Question 50

What is peptide bond?

Answer 50

Covalent bond between amino acids.

Question 51

The monomer that make up polypeptides?

Answer 51

Amino acids.

Question 52

Four levels of protein structure?

Answer 52

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Question 53

Proteins: Roles include

Answer 53

1) enzymes 2) structure 3) immune system 4) storage

Question 54

The monomer of proteins?

Answer 54

Amino acids

Question 55

What is protein folding?

Answer 55

Is determined by primary structure (amino acid sequence).

Question 56

Proteins "knows" how to fold based on?

Answer 56

a.a. Sequence

Question 57

What is ribosome?

Answer 57

Machinery to make proteins.

Question 58

The monomer of Nucleic Acids is a __?

Answer 58

Nucleotide. Made of 3 things: 1) bases (A,G,T,C) 2) sugar 3) phosphate

Question 59

DNA has how many strands?

Answer 59

2

Question 60

RNA has how many # of strands?

Answer 60

1

Question 61

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 61

The breaking apart of a polymer using H2O Lysis= means to break.

Question 62

The smallest living thing is a ___?

Answer 62

Cell.

Question 63

All things are made of?

Answer 63

Atoms.