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Med Micro exam 1 > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Beneficial Roles of Microbes (6)

A
  1. Bread making (fermentation)
  2. Nitrogen fixation in soil most important for plant growth
  3. Decomposers of sewage/garbage
  4. Help in digestion (lives in intestine)
  5. Recombinant DNA Technology- makes high quality but cheap drugs for medical uses.
  6. Bioremediation - bacteria can eat oil and poop
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2
Q

E. Coli in gut also produces ________ in which we use

A

Vit B and Vit K

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3
Q

Name two products made using Recombinant DNA technology.

A

Insulin and Human growth hormone

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4
Q

Define Pathogens

A

organisms responsible for causing disease

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5
Q

Who discovered the simple “one lens” microscope - like a magnifying glass

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek - 1674

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6
Q

Who discovered the compound (two lens) microscope

A

Robert Hooke - 1665

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7
Q

Person responsible for “cell theory” Sliced through cork to discover tiny “boxes”

A

Rober Hooke

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8
Q

Biogenesis Theory

A

Life only arises from preexisting life

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9
Q

Who proposed the Biogenesis Theory?

A

Dr. Robert Virchow

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10
Q

When was the Spontaneous Generation theory dominant?

A

1600’s to mid 1800

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11
Q

What theory states- Life could spontaneously arise from non-living matter? Evidence- spoilage of meat and generation of maggots

A

Spontaneous Generation Theory

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12
Q

Father of Microbiology - Proved Biogenesis Theory.

A

Louis Pasteur in 1861

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13
Q

Pasteur concluded two things

A
  1. microorganisms can be found in the air

2. heat can kill microorganisms

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14
Q

Golden Age of Microbiology (time frame)

A

1857-1914

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15
Q

Method that proves conclusively the role of microorganisms in causation of disease

A

Koch’s Postulates

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16
Q

Anthrax is caused by_________

A

Bacillum anthracis

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17
Q

He proved that microorganisms can cause disease “Germ Theory of Disease”

A

Robert Koch (German physician)

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18
Q

Yeast converts sugar into alcohol without air. This process is called ___________.

A

Fermentation

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19
Q

Heat it up enough to kill bacteria to prevent spoiling. This process is called _________.

A

Pasteurization

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20
Q

During the Golden Age of Microbiology, Louis Pasteur is credited with two major concepts

A

Fermentation and Pasteurization

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21
Q

Surgeon who first began using aseptic surgery using phenol

A

Joseph Lister - 1867

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22
Q

Person credited with the first vaccination - Small Pox

A

Edward Jenner (milk maid, infection with cox pox prevents small pox)

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23
Q

Protection from disease provided by vaccination is called

A

Immunity

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24
Q

An organism disease causing potential is called

A

Virulence

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25
Treatment of disease using chemical substances is referred to as
Chemotherapy
26
Father of modern chemotherapy "Magic Bullet"
Paul Ehrlich
27
Salvarsan (contained arsenic) treats _______
Syphilis
28
Quinine treats_______
Malaria
29
Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi are called ______
Antibiotics
30
Penicillin was the first antibiotic accidentally discovered by
Alexander Flemming - 1928
31
Penicillium notatum (fungus) produces
Penicillium
32
The science which studies bacteria
Bacteriology
33
The science which studies fungi and yeasts
Mycology
34
The science which deals or studies with protozoa and helminths (large worms)
Parasitology
35
Malaria, Gairdia, an Cryptosponic are examples of
Protozoa
36
The science that studies viruses
Virology
37
Viruses can only be seen by using what type of microscope?
Electron Microscope
38
HIV, influenza, herpes are examples of ________ viruses. Plant or animal?
animal
39
Genetic Engineering originated from _____ and ______
Microbial genetics and molecular biology
40
How microorganisms inherit genes or traits ( location of genes)
Microbial genetics
41
Studies how genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs synthesis of proteins.
Molecular biology
42
Insulin and Human Growth Hormone are products of
Recombinant DNA Technology
43
Binomial nomenclature (organisms are given two names) founded by _________
Carlos Linnaeus
44
First name in binomial nomenclature is the general name
Genus name (it is always capital)
45
Second name in binomial nomenclature is the specific epithet
Species (not capitalized)
46
rod shape, causes Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
47
grape like structure, cream or yellow colonies
Staphylococcus aureus
48
Eschirichia coli
name of scientist, lives in colon
49
Classification - 3 domain system founded by _____
Dr. Carl Woese - 1978
50
List the 3 domains in the classification system
1. Eubacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya
51
Eubacteria are bacteria ______ peptidoglycan in cell walls.
with
52
Archea are bacteria ________ peptidoglycan in cell walls.
lacking
53
Bacteria with no nucleus are called ______
Prokaryotes
54
within the classification system what are considered prokaryotes?
Eubacteria and Archaea
55
Do Prokaryotes contain a nucleus?
No
56
Eukarya have 4 kingdoms. They are_____
1. Protista - protozoa (algae- slime molds) 2. Fungi- yeasts, molds 3. Plantae 4. Animalia - animals and large parasites that cause disease.
57
This type of classification has a nuclear membrane and DNA or genetic material.
Eukaryote
58
Yeasts is _____cellcular
unicellular
59
Mold is ______cellular
multicellular
60
Example of single cell Protozoa
Amoeba
61
Giardia and Cryptosporidium are ______
Amoeba
62
An amoeba responsible for water borne diarrhea
Cryptosporidium
63
Viruses are non-living. T or F?
True
64
Viruses contain both DNA and RNA. T or F.
False. may be EITHER, but not both
65
Multicellular animal parasites - Lung worms, hookworms, heart worms, ascaris.
Helmiths
66
Fixes bad genes in the human body
Gene therapy
67
A person who has ________ has no defense system
ADA - adenosine deaminase deficiency
68
HIV originated from
Monkeys as SIV. Moved from chimps to humans around 1930-1933
69
responsible for lyme disease
Borelia bergdorferi
70
The Spanish Flu of 1918 killed 50 million people aged _____
15-45
71
H1N1
Swine Flu
72
H5N1
Bird Flu

Med Micro exam 1 (4 decks)

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