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Med Micro exam 1 > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Beneficial Roles of Microbes (6)

A
  1. Bread making (fermentation)
  2. Nitrogen fixation in soil most important for plant growth
  3. Decomposers of sewage/garbage
  4. Help in digestion (lives in intestine)
  5. Recombinant DNA Technology- makes high quality but cheap drugs for medical uses.
  6. Bioremediation - bacteria can eat oil and poop
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2
Q

E. Coli in gut also produces ________ in which we use

A

Vit B and Vit K

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3
Q

Name two products made using Recombinant DNA technology.

A

Insulin and Human growth hormone

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4
Q

Define Pathogens

A

organisms responsible for causing disease

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5
Q

Who discovered the simple “one lens” microscope - like a magnifying glass

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek - 1674

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6
Q

Who discovered the compound (two lens) microscope

A

Robert Hooke - 1665

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7
Q

Person responsible for “cell theory” Sliced through cork to discover tiny “boxes”

A

Rober Hooke

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8
Q

Biogenesis Theory

A

Life only arises from preexisting life

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9
Q

Who proposed the Biogenesis Theory?

A

Dr. Robert Virchow

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10
Q

When was the Spontaneous Generation theory dominant?

A

1600’s to mid 1800

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11
Q

What theory states- Life could spontaneously arise from non-living matter? Evidence- spoilage of meat and generation of maggots

A

Spontaneous Generation Theory

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12
Q

Father of Microbiology - Proved Biogenesis Theory.

A

Louis Pasteur in 1861

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13
Q

Pasteur concluded two things

A
  1. microorganisms can be found in the air

2. heat can kill microorganisms

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14
Q

Golden Age of Microbiology (time frame)

A

1857-1914

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15
Q

Method that proves conclusively the role of microorganisms in causation of disease

A

Koch’s Postulates

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16
Q

Anthrax is caused by_________

A

Bacillum anthracis

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17
Q

He proved that microorganisms can cause disease “Germ Theory of Disease”

A

Robert Koch (German physician)

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18
Q

Yeast converts sugar into alcohol without air. This process is called ___________.

A

Fermentation

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19
Q

Heat it up enough to kill bacteria to prevent spoiling. This process is called _________.

A

Pasteurization

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20
Q

During the Golden Age of Microbiology, Louis Pasteur is credited with two major concepts

A

Fermentation and Pasteurization

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21
Q

Surgeon who first began using aseptic surgery using phenol

A

Joseph Lister - 1867

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22
Q

Person credited with the first vaccination - Small Pox

A

Edward Jenner (milk maid, infection with cox pox prevents small pox)

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23
Q

Protection from disease provided by vaccination is called

A

Immunity

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24
Q

An organism disease causing potential is called

A

Virulence

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25
Q

Treatment of disease using chemical substances is referred to as

A

Chemotherapy

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26
Q

Father of modern chemotherapy “Magic Bullet”

A

Paul Ehrlich

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27
Q

Salvarsan (contained arsenic) treats _______

A

Syphilis

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28
Q

Quinine treats_______

A

Malaria

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29
Q

Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi are called ______

A

Antibiotics

30
Q

Penicillin was the first antibiotic accidentally discovered by

A

Alexander Flemming - 1928

31
Q

Penicillium notatum (fungus) produces

A

Penicillium

32
Q

The science which studies bacteria

A

Bacteriology

33
Q

The science which studies fungi and yeasts

A

Mycology

34
Q

The science which deals or studies with protozoa and helminths (large worms)

A

Parasitology

35
Q

Malaria, Gairdia, an Cryptosponic are examples of

A

Protozoa

36
Q

The science that studies viruses

A

Virology

37
Q

Viruses can only be seen by using what type of microscope?

A

Electron Microscope

38
Q

HIV, influenza, herpes are examples of ________ viruses.

Plant or animal?

A

animal

39
Q

Genetic Engineering originated from _____ and ______

A

Microbial genetics and molecular biology

40
Q

How microorganisms inherit genes or traits ( location of genes)

A

Microbial genetics

41
Q

Studies how genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs synthesis of proteins.

A

Molecular biology

42
Q

Insulin and Human Growth Hormone are products of

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

43
Q

Binomial nomenclature (organisms are given two names) founded by _________

A

Carlos Linnaeus

44
Q

First name in binomial nomenclature is the general name

A

Genus name (it is always capital)

45
Q

Second name in binomial nomenclature is the specific epithet

A

Species (not capitalized)

46
Q

rod shape, causes Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

47
Q

grape like structure, cream or yellow colonies

A

Staphylococcus aureus

48
Q

Eschirichia coli

A

name of scientist, lives in colon

49
Q

Classification - 3 domain system founded by _____

A

Dr. Carl Woese - 1978

50
Q

List the 3 domains in the classification system

A
  1. Eubacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
51
Q

Eubacteria are bacteria ______ peptidoglycan in cell walls.

A

with

52
Q

Archea are bacteria ________ peptidoglycan in cell walls.

A

lacking

53
Q

Bacteria with no nucleus are called ______

A

Prokaryotes

54
Q

within the classification system what are considered prokaryotes?

A

Eubacteria and Archaea

55
Q

Do Prokaryotes contain a nucleus?

A

No

56
Q

Eukarya have 4 kingdoms. They are_____

A
  1. Protista - protozoa (algae- slime molds)
  2. Fungi- yeasts, molds
  3. Plantae
  4. Animalia - animals and large parasites that cause disease.
57
Q

This type of classification has a nuclear membrane and DNA or genetic material.

A

Eukaryote

58
Q

Yeasts is _____cellcular

A

unicellular

59
Q

Mold is ______cellular

A

multicellular

60
Q

Example of single cell Protozoa

A

Amoeba

61
Q

Giardia and Cryptosporidium are ______

A

Amoeba

62
Q

An amoeba responsible for water borne diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium

63
Q

Viruses are non-living. T or F?

A

True

64
Q

Viruses contain both DNA and RNA. T or F.

A

False. may be EITHER, but not both

65
Q

Multicellular animal parasites - Lung worms, hookworms, heart worms, ascaris.

A

Helmiths

66
Q

Fixes bad genes in the human body

A

Gene therapy

67
Q

A person who has ________ has no defense system

A

ADA - adenosine deaminase deficiency

68
Q

HIV originated from

A

Monkeys as SIV. Moved from chimps to humans around 1930-1933

69
Q

responsible for lyme disease

A

Borelia bergdorferi

70
Q

The Spanish Flu of 1918 killed 50 million people aged _____

A

15-45

71
Q

H1N1

A

Swine Flu

72
Q

H5N1

A

Bird Flu

Med Micro exam 1 (4 decks)

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