CH 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of Form

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of Function

Question 3

Physical examination

Answer 3

palpation, auscultation (listen), percussion (tapping)

Question 4

Cadaver dissection

Answer 4

cutting & separation of organs to study their structures & relationships

Question 5

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 5

the study of more than one species to analyze evolutionary trends (animals)

Question 6

Gross Anatomy

Answer 6

what is visible with naked eye

Question 7

Histology

Answer 7

examination of cells and tissues with microscope

Question 8

Comparative Physiology

Answer 8

involves the study of different species

Question 9

Hippocrates

Answer 9

“father of Medicine”: code of ethics & urged physicians to seek causes of disease

Question 10

Galen

Answer 10

physician to the Roman gladiators, saw science as a method of discovery
did animal dissections since use of cadavers banned
wrote book advising followers to trust their own observation

Question 11

Avicenna

Answer 11

from Muslim world supported free inquiry over authority

wrote The Canon of Medicine, used in medical schools until 16th century

Question 12

Harvey

Answer 12

realized blood flow out from heart & back in 1628

Question 13

Schleiden & Schwann

Answer 13

all organisms were composed of cells – cell theory of 1839

Question 14

Bacon (1561-1626) and Descartes (1596-1650)

Answer 14

new habits of scientific thinking based on assumptions & methods that are reliable, objective & testable
help create academies of science that still exist today

Question 15

Scientific Method

Answer 15

• Habits of disciplined creativity, careful observations, logical thinking & analysis of observations
• Way of seeking trends & drawing generalizations

Question 16

Inductive Method

Answer 16

Making observations until capable of drawing generalizations and making predictions

Question 17

Hypothetico-Deductive Method

Answer 17

Ask a question and formulate a hypothesis – an educated possible answer.
-If nothing could prove it wrong, it is not a scientific belief
Hypotheses are written as If-Then predictions
modified and rewritten after testing

Question 18

Hypothesis and Null Hypothesis

Answer 18

Null is the opposite of the Hypothesis

Question 19

placebo

Answer 19

like give the same foods to both sides of the groups, prevents psychosomatic effects

Question 20

Double-blind study

Answer 20

neither group knows what theyll receive or the other group will receive

Question 21

Statistical testing

Answer 21

difference between groups was not random, but was due to variable being tested

Question 22

Peer review

Answer 22

Critical evaluation by experts in the field
ensures honesty, objectivity & quality in science
prior to funding; verification and repeatability of results

Question 23

Scientific Fact

Answer 23

after a long time of a theory being tested it becomes a Fact

Question 24

Scientific Laws

Answer 24

Laws of Nature. (law of gravity)

Question 25

scientific Theories

Answer 25

is based off of Hypothesis

Question 26

Law of nature

Answer 26

description of the way matter and energy behave. resulting from inductive reasoning & observations written as verbal statements or mathematical formulae

Question 27

Evolution

Answer 27

is change in genetic composition of a population of organisms over time

Question 28

Adaptations

Answer 28

Primate Adaptations, walking upright

Question 29

Hierarchy of complexity

Answer 29

organisms-organ systems (11-12) - Organs (100s)- Tissues (4 primary)- Cells (smallest living unit) - Organelles(elles means tiny) - Molecules - Atoms

Question 30

Reductionism

Answer 30

Breaking down the human body

Question 31

Holism

Answer 31

there are ‘emergent (natural or logical) properties’ of the Human that cannot be predicted from its separate parts

Question 32

Anatomical Variation

Answer 32

organs and characteristics of the body that are different with every single human body

Question 33

Characteristics of life

Answer 33

``` organization cellular composition Metabolism (anabolism; catabolism ) and excretion responsiveness and movement homeostasis (internal stability) development (differentiation and growth) reproduction evolution ```

Question 34

Physiological Variation

Answer 34

Differs with sex, age, diet, weight, degree of physical activity

Question 35

Homeostasis

Answer 35

indicates stable internal environment,

Question 36

Good hypothesis

Answer 36

- consistent with what is already known | - capable of being tested and falsified with certain evidence