ch. 1-5

Question 1

anatomy is..

Answer 1

structure

Question 2

physiology is….

Answer 2

function

Question 3

levels of organization

Answer 3

atom
molecule
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

Question 4

homeostasis is

Answer 4

stable internal enviornment

Question 5

negative feedback

Answer 5

reverses a change (e.g., body temp)

Question 6

positive feedback

Answer 6

amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth)

Question 7

components of feedback

Answer 7

stimuli > receptor > affarent > control center > efferent > effector

Question 8

anatomical position

Answer 8

body upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward

Question 9

sagittal plane

Answer 9

splits the body in left & right

Question 10

frontal plane

Answer 10

front & back

Question 11

transverse plan

Answer 11

top & bottom

Question 12

dorsal cavity

Answer 12

cranial and spinal

Question 13

ventral cavity

Answer 13

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 14

atom

Answer 14

basic unit of life

Question 15

element

Answer 15

substances made of one type of atom

Question 16

molecule

Answer 16

two or more atoms

Question 17

ionic bond

Answer 17

transfers electrons

Question 18

covalent bond

Answer 18

share electrons

Question 19

hydrogen bond

Answer 19

weak, between polar molecules

Question 20

acidic

Answer 20

0-6

Question 21

neutral

Answer 21

7

Question 22

base

Answer 22

8-14

Question 23

carbs

Answer 23

energy (glucose)

Question 24

lipids

Answer 24

fats, store energy

Question 25

proteins

Answer 25

structure, enzymes

Question 26

nucleic acids

Answer 26

DNA, RNA

Question 27

enzymes

Answer 27

speed up chemical reactions (catalysts)

Question 28

ATP

Answer 28

main energy molecule for cells

Question 29

plasma membrane

Answer 29

outer barrier- phospholipid bilayer: control what enters/leaves

Question 30

cytoplasm

Answer 30

fluid and organelles

Question 31

nucleus

Answer 31

DNA storage and nucleolus controls cell

Question 32

passive transport

Answer 32

no energy (diffusion, osmosis)

Question 33

active transport

Answer 33

needs energy (pumps, endocytosis)

Question 34

rough ER

Answer 34

makes proteins

Question 35

smooth ER

Answer 35

makes lipids

Question 36

Golgi apperatus

Answer 36

packages proteins

Question 37

mitochondria

Answer 37

makes ATP

Question 38

lysosomes

Answer 38

digest waste

Question 39

cell cycle

Answer 39

interphase > mitosis > cytokinesis

Question 40

mitosis

Answer 40

PMAT= prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 41

4 types of tissue

Answer 41

epithelial= covers surface connective= supports (bone, blood, fat) muscle= movement nervous= signals

Question 42

epithelial tissue

Answer 42

shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar layers: simple (1), stratified (many)

Question 43

connective tissue

Answer 43

loose (areolar), dense, cartilage, bone, blood

Question 44

muscle tissue

Answer 44

skeletal= voluntary, straited cardiac= heart, straited, involuntary smooth= hollow organs, involuntary

Question 45

nervous tissue

Answer 45

neurons= send signals glial cells= support neurons

Question 46

stem cells

Answer 46

repair and regenerate damaged tissues

Question 47

skin layers

Answer 47

epidermis= outer, no blood vessels dermis= thick, contains nerves/blood hypodermis= fat storage

Question 48

epidermal cells

Answer 48

keratinocytes= makes keratin melanocytes= makes melanin (skin color) Langerhans cells= immune defense Merkel cells= touch sensors

Question 49

dermis function

Answer 49

strength, elasticity, sensory, blood supply

Question 50

melanin

Answer 50

protects against UV radiation

Question 51

skins accessory structures

Answer 51

hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 52

thermoregulation

Answer 52

sweat= cools the body blood vessels= widen/narrow to regulate the heat

Question 53

steps of wound healing

Answer 53

inflammation > clotting > tissue formation > remodeling