Ch 1-5

Question 1

The 4 kingdoms:

Answer 1

Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
Protists

Question 2

Kingdom Plantae:

Answer 2

Plants, which produce their own food by photosynthesis.

Question 3

Kingdom Fungi:

Answer 3

Absorb nutrients from outside their bodies.

Question 4

Kingdom Animalia:

Answer 4

Ingest their organisms.

Question 5

Protists:

Answer 5

• Mostly unicellular eukaryotes, and simple unicellular.
• Scientists debating how to classify.
• Recent trend is to split protists into several kingdoms.

Question 6

4 main water properties:

Answer 6

1) Cohesive and adhesive behavior
2) Ability to moderate temperature
3) Expansion upon freezing
4) Versatility as a solvent

Question 7

Hydroxyl group:

Answer 7

-OH

Question 8

Carbonyl group:

Answer 8

\
C=O
/

Question 9

Carboxyl group:

Answer 9

-COOH

|
-C=O
|
OH

Question 10

Amino group:

Answer 10

-NH2

Question 11

Sulfhydryl group:

Answer 11

-SH

Question 12

Phosphate group:

Answer 12

-OPO3

      O
      ||
-O-P-O-
       |
      O-

Question 13

Methyl group:

Answer 13

-CH3

 H
  |
-C-H
  |
 H

Question 14

96% of living matter is made of what 4 elements?

Answer 14

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 15

The 3 domains of life:

Answer 15

Domain Bacteria (prokaryote)
Domain Archaea (prokaryote)
Domain Eukarya (eukaryote)

Question 16

List all of the levels of biological organization from most inclusive to least inclusive:

Answer 16

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
Organ Systems
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms

Question 17

Biosphere:

Answer 17

The Earth and everything on it.

Question 18

Ecosystem:

Answer 18

Living and nonliving interacting in an area.

Question 19

Community:

Answer 19

All living and interacting in an area.

Question 20

Population:

Answer 20

One species interacting in an area.

Question 21

Organism:

Answer 21

One individual.

Question 22

Organ Systems:

Answer 22

2 or more organs working toward a common function.

Question 23

Organ:

Answer 23

Groups of tissue working towards a common function.

Question 24

Tissue:

Answer 24

Groups of cells working toward a common function.

Question 25

Cell:

Answer 25

The most basic unit of structure and function that is living.

Question 26

Organelles:

Answer 26

Individual functioning units of a cell.

Question 27

Molecules:

Answer 27

2 or more atoms.

Question 28

Atoms:

Answer 28

The basic unit of matter. -Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 29

Types of Macromolecules:

Answer 29

Carbohydrates (saccharides) Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

Question 30

Monomer of carbohydrates:

Answer 30

Monosaccharides "one sugar" - Fructose - Glucose - Galactose

Question 31

Dimer of carbohydrates:

Answer 31

Disaccharides "two sugars" - maltose - lactose - sucrose

Question 32

Polymers of carbohydrates:

Answer 32

Polysaccharides - Starch - Glycogen - Cellulose - Chitin

Question 33

Function of starch:

Answer 33

Short term energy storage in plants.

Question 34

Function of cellulose:

Answer 34

Plant structure

Question 35

Function of glycogen:

Answer 35

Short term energy storage in animals (liver and muscles).

Question 36

Function of Chitin:

Answer 36

Exoskeleton of arthropods (sutures).

Question 37

Monomer of proteins:

Answer 37

Amino Acid (peptides)

Question 38

Dimer of proteins:

Answer 38

Dipeptides | -peptide bonds

Question 39

Polymers of proteins:

Answer 39

1st (primary) -peptide bonds 2nd (secondary) -coiled and pleated- H+ bonds 3rd (tertiary) -disulfide bridges 4th (quaternary)

Question 40

Functions of proteins:

Answer 40

``` Structure Hormones Immunities Transport Receptors Enzymes Contractile/motor Storage ```

Question 41

Monomers of Nucleic Acids:

Answer 41

DNA: - Adenine - Thyamine - Cytosine - Guanine RNA: All except Thyamine, instead there is Uracil

Question 42

Polymers of Nucleic Acids:

Answer 42

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) ATP

Question 43

Function of DNA:

Answer 43

Instructions

Question 44

Function of RNA:

Answer 44

"Carrier" of instructions.

Question 45

Function of ATP:

Answer 45

Energy storage molecule.

Question 46

Types of Lipids:

Answer 46

Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Waxes

Question 47

Triglycerides:

Answer 47

Saturated fatty acids Unsaturated fatty acids Function: long term energy storage, insulation, and cushion.

Question 48

Phospholipids:

Answer 48

Function: cell membrane O

Question 49

Steroids:

Answer 49

Cholesterol -Fxn: base molecule, and in cell membrane Testosterone-fxn:hormones Estrogen-fxn: hormones

Question 50

Waxes:

Answer 50

Function: protectors Ex: ear wax, beeswax