Ch 1-6 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What is power in conflict theory: define
A
ability of individuals in social relationships to impose their will on others regardless of resistance
2
Q
What causes society to remain stable in the concept of functionalism
A
fulfilling roles within society
3
Q
Sociology
A
Systematic study of human behavior in social context.
4
Q
Systematic
A
Scientific approach to research.
5
Q
Human Behavior
A
Actions and decisions individuals make in their lives.
6
Q
Agency
A
The ability of individuals to make choices and take actions.
7
Q
Social Context
A
The environment of social structures that influence behavior.
8
Q
Social Structures
A
Enduring patterns and institutions that organize social life.
9
Q
Structure Agency
A
Relationship between individual choices and social constraints.
10
Q
Sociological Imagination
A
The ability to see connections between individual agency and social structures.
11
Q
Sociological Theory
A
Tentative explanation of aspects of social life based on observed facts.
12
Q
Functionalism
A
Theory focusing on how social structures maintain stability.
13
Q
Social Stability
A
The state of enduring order and predictability in society.
14
Q
Conflict Theory
A
Theory examining social divisions and power dynamics in society.
15
Q
Symbolic Interactionism
A
Theory focusing on social interactions that shape behavior and meaning.
16
Q
Feminist Theory
A
Theory addressing gender inequalities and the impact of patriarchy.
17
Q
Power
A
The ability to influence or control others in social relationships.
18
Q
Patriarchy
A
Systemic inequalities based on gender between women and men
19
Q
Declining Life Expectancy
A
Decrease in the average duration of life in a population.
20
Q
Social Norms
A
Accepted behaviors and expectations within a society.
21
Q
Societal Expectations
A
Assumptions about how individuals should behave based on social context.
22
Q
Research
A
Process of systematically observing reality to validate theories.
23
Q
Social Roles
A
Expected behaviors associated with particular positions in society.
24
Q
Stability
A
The condition of being steady and not prone to change.
25
Inequality
Unequal distribution of resources or opportunities among different groups.
26
Research Validity
The extent to which a research study accurately reflects the concept it evaluates.
27
Social Divisions
Distinctions between various social groups based on interests and power.
28
Societal Change
Transformations in the structure or norms of society over time.
29
Solidarity
Unity and agreement among individuals in a society.
30
Research Process
Steps undertaken in systematic investigation to gather and analyze data.
31
Social Institutions
Established organizations that structure society, like family, education, economy.
32
Norms and Values
Shared beliefs within a society that guide behavior.
33
Sociology Redefined
Updated understanding of sociology focusing on agency and structures relationship.
34
Agency Variance
Differences in individuals' ability to exercise their agency.
35
Cognitive Dissonance
Mental discomfort experienced when holding contradictory beliefs.
36
Critical Sociology
Approach that critiques society and its institutions for inequalities.
37
Social Cohesion
The bonds that bring individuals together in a community.
38
Research Assessment
Evaluation of research methods and outcomes for effectiveness.
39
Social Responsiveness
The ability of individuals or groups to react to social issues.
40
Cultural Context
Background of cultural beliefs and practices influencing society.
41
Socialization
The process through which individuals learn and internalize social norms.
42
Is functionalism on a macro, micro, or global level
Macro
43
The main focus of functionalism
values
44
what do functionalists want
a state of equilibrium
45
Is conflict theory on a macro, micro, or global level
Macro and global
46
Main focus of conflict theory
class inequality
47
What do conflict theorists want
elimination of privilege especially class privilege
48
Is symbolic interactionism on a macro, micro, or global level
Micro
49
Main focus of symbolic interactionism
Meaning
50
what do symbolic interactionists want
respect the validity of minority views
51
Is feminist theory on a macro, micro, or global level
Micro and Macro
52
what is the main focus of feminisim
patriarchy
53
What do feminists want
elimination of gender inequality
54
Key words for functionalism
stability, function, equilibrium, solidarity
55
Key words for conflict theory
conflict, power, dominance, privilege
56
Key words for symbolic interactionism
interaction, communication, meaning, norms, values
57
Key words for feminist theory
conflict, power, dominance, privilege but combines with gender
58
Answer this Iclicker question:
According to Antonio Gramsci, ruling classes establish their dominance through their power to fund the development and transmission of values that are biased in
favor of upper-class dominance. Which sociological theory does this best represent?
a. Functionalism
b. Conflict theory
c. Symbolic interactionism
d. Feminist theory
B: conflict theory because of the words dominance, power which are key words to conflict theory
59
Explain the 3 theory for the power of sociology
1) can influence types of social relations such as suicide
2) has a desire to improve the world by scientific methods that is used by sociologists
3) can help coming grips with the century
60
Who argued social solidarity
Durkheim
61
Define society
patterns of social relations that influence your thoughts, feeling, and affect your behavior/shape who you are
62
Define social structure
stable patterns of social relations
- one of the main goals of sociologists is to identify and explain how an individual's personal troubles are connected to the social structure
63
Define microstructure
patterns of intimate social relations formed during face to face interaction such as families, friendship circles, and work associations
- such as helps you look/get a job
64
Define macrostructure
patterns of social relations (including classes, bureaucracies, and power systems) that lie outside and above a person's circle of intimate and acquaintances
- when a marriage disolves partners blame themseleves but they don't relaize that most married women have to work and take care of the house which is one of the main reasons for why divorce happens
65
Does macrostructure include patriarchy
yes
66
What is gloabal structure
social relations that lie outside and above the national level, including international organizations, patterns of worldwide travel and communication, and economic relations between countries
- such as poverty, aiding and charity doesn't solve the poverty problem just treats the symptom
67
Who talked about sociological imagination
C. Wright Mills
68
How many revolutions did sociological imagination create
3
69
What are the revolutions sociological imagination created
- scientific revolution
- democratic revolution
- industrial revolution
70
What is scientific revolution
people should use evidence, not speculation, to draw conclusions about how society works
71
What philosophers were advocating for using scientific revolution
Descartes and Hobbes
72
What is the democratic revolution
people are responsible for organizing society and that human intervention can therefore solve social problems
73
What is industrial revolution
rapid economic transformation and involves large scale applications of science and tech such as the creation of factories and the formation of a working class
74
Who is the founder of sociology
Auguste Comte
75
What did Auguste Comte believe
study of society is on scientific foundations
76
Who argues social darwinism (survival of the fittest)
Spencer
77
What is the analogus process
estimating or analyzing something new by comparing it to a similar, previously known thing
78
Define theories
explanations of social life that state how and why certain facts are related
79
Define values
what is good and bad, right and wrong
80
What theorists stood close to the main three concepts
Durkheim, Marx, and Weber
81
Who focused on conflict theory
Marx
82
What does proleteriat and bourgeoisie mean
Working class and the rich
83
What did Marx focus his conflict theory on
the fact the the working class wants to overcome exploitation and opression by the rich creating a society with a no class system
84
Define dysfunctional consequence
effects of social structures that creates social instability
85
Define manifest functions
obvious and intended effects of social structures
86
Define latent function
non obvious and unintended effects of social structure
87
Define class conflict
struggle between classes to resist and overcome the opposition of other classes
88
Who opposed to Marx's conflict theoretical views
Weber criticized Marx's rise of capitalism
89
the most note worthy conflict theoriest
C Wright Mills
90
Define cultural hegemony
the way the ruling class maintains power by controlling institutions like media, education to shape social beliefs, values, and norms
91
What did Michael Focoult argue about conflict theory
culture is the site of ongoing conflict between dominant and subordinate classes and other groups
- places like schools, hospitals are meant to regulate and discipline these groups ensuring they conform to societal expectations
92
Define poststructuralism
is a school of thought and denies the stability of social relations and of cultures, their capacity to always shape how people think and act and their categorization of social and cultural elements
- gender, sexuality, identify are views as fluid, complex -- meaning that these concepts can change overtime and vary between societies
93
Who came up with protestant ethic
Weber
94
Define protestant ethic
belief that religious doubts can be reduced and a state of grace ensured if people worked diligently and live simply which would create increased savings, investments, and growth
95
who are 3 theorists that focused on symbolic interactionism
Weber, Mead, Goffman
96
What did Mead focus on (symbolic)
person's self is formed through interaction with other people
97
What did Goffman focus on (symbolic)
variety of ways people present themselves to others in everyday lives to appear in the best possible light
98
Define social constructionism
natural or innate features of life are often sustained by social processes that vary historically and culturally
- is a variant of symbolic
99
Define queer theory
peoples identity and sexual performances are variable that labels like gay, lesbian fail to capture the social instability
100
Who was the first sociologist to study feminist
Martineau
101
What type of thing do functionalists believe in when they want to minimize social conflict
online dating sites
102
Define postindustrial revolution
tech driven shift from maufacturing to service industry and the consequence of shift for virtually
103
Define globalization
formerly seperate economies, states, and cultures become ties together
104
What is the main challenge society faces today
it is the post industrial and globalization
- it is the tension between freedom and constraint and equality and inequality
