Ch. 1-6 Exams from book Flashcards by Mandy Wright

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except:
Liver
Renal pelvis
Urinary bladder
Ureter

Liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in:
Kidney
Liver
Testicle
Adrenal gland

Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in:
Testicle
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Liver

Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not considered an intraperitoneal organ?
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Spleen

Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not considered retroperitoneal organs?
Abdominal lymph nodes
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Ovaries

Ovaries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The hypernephroma may also be referred to as:
Nephroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes:
Mirror image artifact
Posterior shadowing
Comet tail artifact
Ring-down artifact

Comet tail artifact

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes:
Bile duct carcinoma
Hepatic carcinoma
Pancreatic carcinoma
Splenic carcinoma

Bile duct carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The hepatoma is a :
Benign tumor of the spleen
Benign tumor of the liver
Malignant tumor of the liver
Malignant tumor of the pancreas

Malignant tumor of the liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The hepatoblastoma is a:
Benign tumor of the pediatric liver
Malginant tumor of the adult liver
Malignant tumor of the pediatric liver
Malignant tumor of the pediatric adrenal gland

Malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Wilms tumor may also be referred to as a:
Neuroblastoma
Nephroblastoma
Hepatoblastoma
Hepatoma

Nephroblastoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the:
Rectum
Gallbladder
Spleen
Pancreas

Spleen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the:
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Stomach
Spleen

Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The space located behind the liver and stomach, and posterior to the pancreas is the:
Hepatosplenic space
Lesser sac
Greater sac
Supraduodenal space

Lesser sac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?
Left kidney
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Liver

Liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Of the list below, which is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm?
Neuroblastoma
Hepatoma
Yolk sac tumor
Hamartoma

Yolk sac tumor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The oncocytoma is a mass noted more commonly in the:
Liver
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Kidneys

Kidneys

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen:
Paracolic gutters
Periumbilical gutters
Greater gutters
Suprapubic gutters

Paracolic gutters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle, and fat:
Hemagioma
Angiomyolipoma
Oncocytoma
Pheochromocytoma

Angiomyolipoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant mass?
Hepatoblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Pheochromocytoma
Nephroblastoma

Pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the:
Pheochromocytoma
Oncocytoma
Choriocarcinoma
Teratoma

Teratoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A benign tumor that consists primarily of blood vessels best describes:
Adenocarcinoma
Oncocytoma
Hemangioma
Lymphoma

Hemangioma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The insuloma is a:
Malignant pediatric adrenal tumor
Benign pancreatic tumor
Malignant pancreatic tumor
Benign liver tumor

Benign pancreatic tumor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:
Hematoma
Hemangioma
Lymphoma
Granuloma

Granuloma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

``` A tumor that consist of a focal collection of blood best describes the: Hematoma Hemangioma Hamartoma Hepatoma ```

Hematoma

``` The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the: Cholangiocarcinoma Teratoma Yolk sac tumor Choriocarcinoma ```

Choriocarcinoma

``` Which of the following laboratory values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient with recent trauma? White blood cell count a-Fetoprotein Blood urea nitrogen Hematocrit ```

Hematocrit

``` Which of the following laboratory values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient with an infection? White blood cell count a-Fetoprotein Blood urea nitrogen Hematocrit ```

White blood cell count

``` The artifact most commonly encountered posterior to a gallstone is: Acoustic enhancement Shadowing Ring down Reverberation ```

Shadowing

``` A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed: Transudate ascites Peritoneal ascites Exudate ascites Chromaffin ascites ```

Exudate ascites

``` The covering of the liver is referred to as: Glisson capsule Gerota fascia Morison pouch Hepatic fascia ```

Glisson capsule

``` The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by: Right hepatic vein Middle hepatic vein Left hepatic vein Falciform ligament ```

Middle hepatic vein

``` The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the: Middle lobar fissure Middle hepatic vein Right hepatic vein Left hepatic vein ```

Right hepatic vein

``` The right intersegmental fissure contains the: Right hepatic vein Middle hepatic vein Left portal vein Right portal vein ```

Right hepatic vein

``` The main portal vein divides into: Middle, left, and right branches Left and right branches Anterior and posterior branches Medial and lateral branches ```

Left and right branches

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the: Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe Medial and posterior segments of the right lobe Anterior and medial segments of the left lobe Anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

``` The main lobar fissure contains the: Right hepatic vein Middle hepatic vein Main portal vein Right portal vein ```

Middle hepatic vein

``` All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except: Main portal vein Common bile duct Hepatic artery Middle hepatic vein ```

Middle hepatic vein

``` Right-sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the: Abdominal aorta Inferior vena cava and hepatic veins Inferior vena cava and portal veins Portal veins and spleen ```

Inferior vena cava and hepatic veins

``` The right portal vein divides into: Middle, left, and right branches Left and right branches Anterior and posterior branches Medial and lateral branches ```

Anterior and posterior branches

``` The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed: 4 mm 8 mm 10 mm 13 mm ```

13 mm

``` The right lobe of the liver can be divided into: Medial and lateral segments Medial and posterior segments Anterior and medial segments Anterior and posterior segments ```

Anterior and posterior segments

Which of the following is true concerning the portal veins? Portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver Portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins Portal veins should demonstrate hepatofugal flow Portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm

Portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins

``` The left lobe of the liver can be divided into: Medial and lateral segments Medial and posterior segments Anterior and medial segments Anterior and posterior segments ```

Medial and lateral segments

``` Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the: Hepatic arteries Portal veins Hepatic veins Common bile duct ```

Hepatic veins

``` A tonguelike extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed: Papillary lobe Focal hepatomegaly Riedel lobe Morison lobe ```

Riedel lobe

``` The left portal vein divides into: Middle, left, and right branches Left and right branches Anterior and posterior branches Medial and lateral branches ```

Medial and lateral branches

``` The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the: Falciform ligament Main lobar fissure Ligamentum teres Ligamentum venosum ```

Ligamentum teres

``` The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as: Papillary process Focal hepatomegaly Riedel process Morison lobe ```

Riedel process

``` Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include: Elevated liver function tests Fever Fatigue Weight loss ```

Elevated liver function tests

``` Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the: Falciform ligament Main lobar fissure Ligamentum teres Ligamentum venosum ```

Falciform ligament

``` Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of: Portal vein thrombosis Metastatic liver disease Primary liver carcinoma Fatty liver disease ```

Fatty liver disease

``` The most common cause of cirrhosis is: Portal hypertension Hepatitis Alcoholism Cholangitis ```

Alcoholism

``` Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except: Jaundice Fever Chills Pericholecystic fluid ```

Pericholecystic fluid

``` Immunocompromised patients are more prone to develop which form of hepatic abnormality? Hepatic adenoma Amebic abscess Hydatid liver abscess Candidiasis ```

Candidiasis

``` All of the following are sequel of cirrhosis except: Portal vein thrombosis Hepatic artery enlargement Portal hypertension Splenomegaly ```

Hepatic artery enlargement

Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed: Hepatopetal Hepatofugal

Hepatopetal

``` Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? Hepatocellular carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Metastatic liver disease Hepatoblastoma ```

Metastatic liver disease

``` Which hepatic mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use? Hepatic adenoma Hepatic hypernephroma Hepatic hamartoma Hepatic hemangioma ```

Hepatic adenoma

``` All of the following are clinical findings of hepatocellular carcinoma except: Reduction in a-fetoprotein Unexplained weight loss Fever Cirrhosis ```

Reduction in a-fetoprotein

``` A 71-yr-old pt presents to the ER with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for: Acute cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Courvoisier gallbladder Porcelain gallbladder ```

Courvoisier gallbladder

``` The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Fibromuscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Muscularis layer ```

Mucosal layer

``` The cystic artery is a branch of the: Main pancreatic artery Celiac artery Right hepatic artery Left hepatic artery ```

Right hepatic artery

``` The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Fibromuscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Muscularis layer ```

Fibromuscular layer

``` Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder? Main lobar fissure Hepatoduodenal ligament Falciform ligament LIgamentum venosum ```

Main lobar fissure

``` What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract? Estrogen Cholecystokinin Bilirubin Biliverdin ```

Cholecystokinin

``` The gallbladder wall should measure no more than: 5 mm 6 mm 4 mm 3 mm ```

3 mm

``` The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the: Cholecystic artery Common hepatic artery Main portal vein Cystic artery ```

Cystic artery

``` The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Fibromuscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Muscularis layer ```

Serosal layer

``` Hartmann pouch involves which part of the gallbladder: Neck Fundus Body Phrygian cap ```

Neck

``` The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the: Common hepatic duct Common bile duct Cystic duct Right hepatic duct ```

Cystic duct

``` The junctional fold is found at which level of the gallbladder: Neck Fundus Body Phrygian cap ```

Neck

``` What is/are cholelithiasis? Inflammation of the gallbladder Gallstones Hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall Stones within the biliary tree ```

Gallstones

``` The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the: Phrygian cap Hartmann pouch Septated gallbladder Junctional fold ```

Phrygian cap

``` The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed: 8 cm 5 cm 7 mm 3 cm ```

5 cm

``` Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes: Emphysematous cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation ```

Gangrenous cholecystitis

``` All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except: Malignant ascites AIDS Hepatitis Adenomyomatosis ```

Malignant ascites

Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis? Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis Patients who have been or are pregnant have an increased occurrence of cholelithiasis A rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis Patients who have hemolytic disorders have an increased occurrence of cholelithiasis

Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis

WES sign denotes: The presence of a gallstone lodged in the cystic duct Multiple biliary stones and biliary dilatation A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis The sonographic sign of a porcelain gallbladder

A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis

``` All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except: Benign ascites Hepatitis Congestive heart failure Gallbladder polyp ```

Gallbladder polyp

``` Tumefactive sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of: Cholelithiasis Gallbladder carcinoma Cholecystits Adenomyomatosis ```

Gallbladder carcinoma

``` The sequel of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is: Emphysematous cholecystitis Membranous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation ```

Emphysematous cholecystitis

``` A 32-yr-old female pt presents to the sonography department with vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder reveals a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening that produces comet tail artifact. These findings are consistent with: Gangrenous cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation Acalculous cholecystitis Adenomyomatosis ```

Adenomyomatosis

``` Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in: Emphysematous cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis ```

Chronic cholecystitis

``` A nonmobile, nonshadowing focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen. This most likely represents a: Gallstone Gallbadder carcinoma Gallbadder polyp Sludge ball ```

Gallbladder polyp

``` Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes: Murphy sign Strawberry sing Courvoisier sign Hydrops sign ```

Murphy sign

``` The sequel of acute cholecystitis that is found more often in diabetic patients is: Emphysematous cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation ```

Emphysematous cholecystitis

``` Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are found with: Acute cholecystitis Acalculous cholecystitis Adenomyomatosis Gallbladder perforation ```

Adenomyomatosis

``` The spiral valves of Heister are found within the: Gallbladder neck Cystic duct Gallbladder fundus Gallbladder wall ```

Cystic duct

``` Couvoisier's gallbladder is associated with which of the following: A pancreatic head mass A stone in the cystic duct Cholecystitis Chronic diverticulitis ```

A pancreatic head mass

``` A congenital disease in which there is narrowing or obliteration of the bile ducts is referred to as: Caroli disease Mirizzi disease Choledochal cysts Biliary atresia ```

Biliary atresia

``` Primary biliary tree cancer is referred to as: GB carcinoma Biloma Cholangiocarcinoma Lymphangioma ```

Cholangiocarcinoma

``` The merging point of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct at the level of duodenum is referred to as the: Sphincter of Oddi Ampulla of Vater Common bile duct Cystic duct ```

Ampulla of Vater

``` A gallstone located within the biliary tree is referred to as: Cholecystitis Choledocholithiasis Cholangitis Cholangiocarcinoma ```

Choledocholithiasis

``` The yellowish staining of the whites of the eyes and the skin 2ndary to a liver disorder or biliary obstruction is referred to as: AIDS cholangitis Pruritis Jaundice Bilirubinemia ```

Jaundice

The Klatskin tumor is located: At the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts At the junction of the cystic and common bile duct At the junction of the common bile duct and common hepatic duct Between the pancreatic head and duodenum

At the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

``` Inflammation of the bile ducts is referred to as: Pneumobilia Choledocholithiasis Cholelithiasis Cholangitis ```

Cholangitis

``` A pt presents with jaundice, pain, and fever, 2ndary to an impacted stone in the cystic duct. This is referred to as: Caroli syndrome Mirizzi syndrome Choledochal cysts Biliary atresia ```

Mirizzi syndrome

``` Air within the biliary tree is referred to as: Pneumobilia Cholangitis Choledocholithiasis Cholesterolosis ```

Pneumobilia

``` The spiral valves of Heister are located within the: Common bile duct Pancreatic duct Common hepatic duct Cystic duct ```

Cystic duct

``` If a gallstone, causing obstruction, is located within the distal common hepatic duct, which of the following would become dilated? Common bile duct only Gallbladder only Intrahepatic ducts All of the above ```

Intrahepatic ducts

``` Which of the following is considered the most proximal portion of the biliary tree? Intrahepatic radicles Cystic duct Common hepatic duct Common bile duct ```

Intrahepatic radicles

``` Which of the following would be the most distal portion of the biliary tree? Common bile duct Common hepatic duct Gallbladder Intrahepatic radicles ```

Common bile duct

``` If an obstructive biliary calculus is located within the distal common duct, which of the following could ultimately dilate? Common bile duct Gallbladder Common hepatic duct All of the above ```

All of the above

``` The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the: Cystic duct Ampulla of Vater Sphincter of Oddi Common bile duct ```

Cystic duct

The most common level for biliary obstruction to occur is the: Junction of the right and left hepatic ducts Proximal common hepatic duct Distal common bile duct Cystic duct

Distal common bile duct

``` A 32-yr-old female pt presents to the US department with a hx of fever, leukocytosis, and right upper quadrant pain. Sonographically, you visualize dilated bile ducts that have thickened walls and contain sludge. What is the most likely diagnosis? Choledocholithiasis Cholangitis Mirizzi syndrome Biliary atresia ```

Cholangitis

``` Sonographically, you visualize scattered echogenic linear structures within the liver parenchyma that produce ring-down artifact. What is the most likely diagnosis? Pneumobilia Choledocholithiasis Sludge balls Cholesterolosis ```

Pneumobilia

``` A 64-yr-old man presents to the US department for a RUQ sonogram. He's complaining of abdominal pain, weight loss, and pruritus. Sonographically, you visualize an area of dilated ducts that abruptly end. What is the most likely diagnosis? Biliary atresia Choledocholithiasis Caroli syndrome Cholangiocarcinoma ```

Cholangiocarcinoma

``` An abdominal sonogram is ordered on an infant in the intensive care unit who is suffering from jaundice and fever. Sonographically, you visualize a cystic mass within the CBD that's causing focal enlargement. This is most suggestive of: Cholangiocarcinoma Mirizzi syndrome Choledochal cyst Biliary atresia ```

Choledochal cyst

``` All of the following are clinical findings consistent with cholangiocarcinoma except: Pruritus Weight loss Elevated bilirubin Dilation of the intrahepatic ducts ```

Dilation of the intrahepatic ducts

``` Which of the following is not associated with the development of pneumobilia? Cholangiopneumonia Gastric surgery Acute cholecystitis Fistula formation ```

Choangiopneumonia

``` A Klatskin tumor is a form of: Lymphocytic carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Pancreatic carcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma ```

Cholangiocarcinoma

``` The biliary duct wall should never measure more that: 2 mm 9 mm 4 mm 5 mm ```

5 mm

``` Clinical findings of choledocholithiasis include all of the following except: Jaundice Elevated bilirubin Elevated blood urea nitrogen Elevated alkaline phosphatase ```

Elevated blood urea nitrogen

Which segment of the biliary tree tends to dilate first with obstruction? Intrahepatic Extrahepatic

Extrahepatic

``` Which of the following is not a plausible cause of common bile duct obstruction in adults? Choledocholithiasis Chronic pancreatitis Choledochal cyst Pancreatic carcinoma ```

Choledochal cyst

``` All of the following are forms of cholangitis except: Acute bacterial AIDS Oriental Parabolic ```

Parabolic

``` The yellow pigment found in bile that is produced by the breakdown of old red blood cells by the liver is: Alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin Cholesterol Chyme ```

Bilirubin

``` For patients older than age 60, or those who have had a cholecystectomy, a maximum diameter of ________ may be considered normal. 1 cm 12 mm 14 mm 1.5 cm ```

1 cm

``` All of the following are part of the exocrine function of the pancreas except for the: Production of lipase Production of glucagon Production of amylase Production of sodium bicarbonate ```

Production of glucagon

``` What is an additional name for the accessory duct of the pancreas? Duct of Santorini Duct of Langerhans Duct of Oddi Duct of Wirsung ```

Duct of Santorini

Which of the following is associated with development of cysts within the pancreas? Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease Von Hippel-LIndau disease Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Von Hippel-Lindau disease

``` The most common form of malignancy of the pancreas is: Cystadenocarcinoma Islet cell tumors Cystadenoma Adenocarcinoma ```

Islet cell tumors

``` The most common location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is within the: Head of the pancreas Neck of the pancreas Body of the pancreas All of the above ```

Head of the pancreas

``` The most common location of focal pancreatitis is within the: Head of the pancreas Neck of the pancreas Body of the pancreas Tail of the pancreas ```

Head of the pancreas

``` All of the following are sonographic features of chronic pancreatitis except: Dilated pancreatic duct Calcifications within the pancreas Pancreatic pseudocyst Diffusely hypoechoic pancreas ```

Diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

``` All of the following are classic clinical features of acute pancreatitis except: Leukocytosis Back pain Weight gain Fever ```

Weight gain

``` Which of the laboratory value listed below appears to be more specific for acute pancreatitis? Amylase Lipase AST SGOT ```

Lipase

``` One of the most common locations for pancreatic pseudocyst is within the: Paracolic gutters Groin Spleen Lesser sac ```

Lesser sac

``` Which of the following is the most common islet cell tumor? Granuloma Gastrinoma Insulinoma Cystadenoma ```

Insulinoma

Courvoisier gallbladder is found in the presence of: Hepatitis Cholecystitis and chronic pancreatitis Adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas Islet cell tumor in the tail of the pancreas

Adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas

A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease Von Hippel-Lindau disease Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Hyperinsulinemia

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

``` The muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum is the: Sphincter of Vater Sphincter of Oddi Ampula of Vater Ampulla of Oddi ```

Sphincter of Oddi

``` What is the name for the main pancreatic duct? Duct of Santorini Duct of Langerhans Duct of Oddi Duct of Wirsung ```

Duct of Wirsung

``` All of the following are clinical findings associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma except: Epigastric pain Weight loss Jaundice Decrease amylase and lipase ```

Decrease amylase and lipase

``` The portion of the bowel that encompasses the head of the pancreas is the: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum ```

Duodenum

``` Which cells carry out the exocrine function of the pancrease? Whipple cells Isles of Langerhans Delta cells Acinar cells ```

Acinar cells

``` The most common echogenicity of an acutely inflamed pancreas is: Anechoic Hyperechoic Hypoechoic Calcified ```

Hypoechoic

``` The arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via the: Superior mesenteric artery Splenic artery Gastroduodenal artery Hepatic artery ```

Gastroduodenal artery

``` One clinical signe of an insulinoma is the presence of: Low blood sugar symptoms Elevated alpha-fetoprotein Hepatitis Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ```

Low blood sugar symptoms

``` What is the early sonographic appearance of acute pancreatitis? Calcifications within the gland Pancreatic pseudocyst Normal Hyperechoic glandular echotexture ```

Normal

``` Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas are most often located within which parts of the pancreas? Uncinate process and neck Head and neck Body and tail Fundus and nec ```

Body and tail

``` Co-existing obstruction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct may be referred to as the: Double-barrel shotgun sign Courvoisier sign Mirizzi sign Double-duct sign ```

Double-duct sign

Courvoisier gallbladder is: Enlargement of the pancreatic duct 2ndary to co-existing masses within the pancreatic body and gallbladder Palpable gallbladder caused by biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head Gallbladder disorder associated with the buildup of cholesterol crystals within the gallbladder wall Type of gallbladder carcinoma that is the result of chronic cholecystitis

Palpable gallbladder caused by biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head

The pancreas is an: Intraperitoneal organ Retroperitoneal organ

Retroperitoneal organ

``` Which part of the pancreas is located right lateral to superior mesenteric vein, anterior to inferior vena cava, and inferior to portal vein? Head Neck Body Tail ```

Head

``` The pancreatic tail is outlined posteriorly by what vascular structure? Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric vein Portal confluence Splenic vein ```

Splenic vein

``` Which part of the pancreas is located anterior to portal confluence? Uncinate process Pancreatic body Pancreatic neck Pancreatic tail ```

Pancreatic neck

``` Which of the following is the hormone released by the pancreas that encourages the body's use of glucagon? Insulin Somatostatin Glycogen Sodium bicarbonate ```

Insulin

``` A 25-yr-old female pt presents to the US department for a complete abdominal sonogram. She complains of RLQ pain and nausea. The right upper abdomen appears normal. A small mass is noted in the area of the splenic hilum. This mass appears isoechoic to the spleen. What does this most likely represent? Pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma Splenic hemangioma Accessory spleen Neuroblastoma ```

Accessory spleen

``` A rare malignant tumor of the spleen that consists of blood vessels is a/an: Lymphoma Angiosarcoma Hemangioma Granuloma ```

Angiosarcoma

``` A 48-yr-old male pt with a hx of severe, sudden onset of LUQ pain without trauma presents to the US department for a sonogram of the spleen. You visualize a wedge-shaped, hypoechoic area within the spleen. This most likely represents a: Splenic infarct Splenic hematoma Splenic hemangioma Splenic metastasis ```

Splenic infarct

``` What is the most common sonographic appearance of a splenic hemangioma? Echogenic Hypoechoic Anechoic Complex ```

Echogenic

``` The process of making red blood cells is termed: Erythropoiesis Leukopoiesis Histopoiesis Anemia ```

Erythropoiesis

The splenic artery marks the: Posterior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail Superior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail Medial surface of the pancreatic body and tail Lateral aspect of the pancreatic body and tail

Superior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail

``` The most common cause of splenomegaly is: Hepatitis Portal hypertension Lymphoma Trauma ```

Portal hypertension

``` The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is: Red pulp White pulp Culling pulp Pitting pulp ```

Red pulp

``` A 32-yr-old female pt presents to the US dept for an abdominal sonogram. An evaluation of the spleen reveals a 1-cm, rounded, echogenic mass that doesn't produce acoustic shadowing. What is the most likely diagnosis? Pheochromocytoma Lipoma Splenic metastasis Hemangioma ```

Hemangioma

The spleen is a/an: Intraperitoneal organ Retroperitoneal organ

Intraperitoneal organ

``` The type of tissue w/in the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic function is the: Red pulp White pulp Culling segment Pitting segment ```

White pulp

The splenic vein marks the: Posterior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail Anterior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail Medial surface of the pancreatic body and tail Lateral aspect of the pancreatic body and tail

Posterior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail

``` All of the following are functions of the spleen except: Storage of iron Defense against disease Blood reservoir Destruction of phagocytic cells ```

Destruction of phagocytic cells

``` Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen? Superior to the spleen Medial to the diaphragm and left kidney Splenic hilum Anterior to the pancreatic body ```

Splenic hilum

``` All of the following can be associated with splenomegaly except: Trauma Hemolytic abnormalities Mononucleousis Pancreatitis ```

Pancreatitis

``` Diffuse involvement of lymphoma or leukemia of the spleen will often lead to: Splenomegaly Splenic atrophy Epstein-Barr infection Splenic torsion ```

Splenomegaly

``` The splenic artery originates at the: Superior mesenteric artery Inferior phrenic artery Celiac trunk Gastroduodenal artery ```

Celiac trunk

``` A 35-yr-old male pt presents to the US dept for an abdominal sonogram w/ a hx of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis. What are you more likely to identify w/in the spleen? Multiple histomas Multiple hemangiomas Multiple metastatic lesions Multiple granulomas ```

Multiple granulomas

``` A 14-yr-old male pt presents to the US dept after falling from his bicycle. An abdominal sonogram reveals a complex-appearing mass w/in the spleen. This most likely represents a: Splenic hemangioma Splenic granuloma Splenic hematoma Splenic infarct ```

Splenic hematoma

``` Sickle cell disease will often lead to: Splenic metastasis Sarcoidosis Splenomegaly Wandering spleen ```

Splenomegaly

Epstein-Barr infection is best described as: A herpesvirus that can lead to infectious monomucleosis in children A herpesvirus that is often associated w/ splenic granulomatous disease An infection that results in sickle cell anemia in children An infection w/in a splenic hematoma following blunt trauma

A herpesvirus that can lead to infectious mononucleosis in children

``` The spleen removes irregular cells from the bloodstream and retains them through a process called: Pitting Culling Crimping Amassing ```

Culling

``` An area w/in the spleen that has become necrotic b/c of a lack of oxygen is referred to as a: Splenic hemangioma Splenic hematoma Splenic infarct Granuloma ```

Splenic infarct

``` What systemic disease results in the development of granulomas w/in the spleen and throughout the body? Granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Sickle cell anemia Hisoplasmosis ```

Sarcoidosis

``` A complex cyst that results from the parasitic infestation of the spleen by a tapeworm is the: Bacterial endocarditic cyst Choledochal cyst Hydatid cyst Candidiasis ```

Hydatid cyst

``` From the list below, what's the most likely clinical finding of a pt who has a splenic hemangioma? Fever Decreased hematocrit Elevated white blood cell count None ```

Elevated white blood cell count

``` In a pt w/ suspected lymphoma, the presence of Reed-Sternberb cells indicates: Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Metastatic liver disease Splenic infarction ```

Hodgkin lymphoma

All of the following are true of the spleen except: It's the largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system The primary objective of the spleen is to filter the peripheral blood The spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border The spleen is considered the largest lymphatic organ

The spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border

``` The splenic vein joins w/ what structure posterior the pancreatic neck to form the portal vein? Inferior mesenteric artery Superior mesenteric vein Inferior mesenteric artery Main hepatic vein ```

Superior mesenteric vein

``` Small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen most likely represent: Multiple benign hemagioma Multiple benign hematomas Multiple benign granulomas Malignant lymphoma ```

Multiple benign granulomas

Ch. 1-6 Exams from book Flashcards

(180 cards)