Ch 1

Question 1

The ability to detect a stimulus and, perhaps, to turn that detection into a private experience

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

The act of giving meaning to a detective to sensation

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

In Philosophy, private conscious experience of sensation or perception

Answer 3

Quality

Question 4

The idea that the mind has and existence separate from the body

Answer 4

Dualism

Question 5

The idea that the mind exists as a property of all matter that is, that all matter has consciousness

Answer 5

Panpsyism

Question 6

The science of defining quantitative relationships between physical and psychological events

Answer 6

Psychophysics

Question 7

The minimum distance at which to stimuli are just perceptible as separate

Answer 7

Two point Touch threshold

Question 8

The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli, what is the minimum change in a stimulus that enables it to be correctly judged as different from a reference stimulus

Answer 8

Just noticeable differenceor difference threshold

Question 9

The constant of proportionality in Webbers law

Answer 9

Weber fraction

Question 10

Depreciable describing the relationship between stimulus and resulting sensation that says the just noticeable difference is a constant fraction of the comparison stimulus

Answer 10

Webers law

Question 11

The principal describing the relationship between stimulus and resulting sensation that says the magnitude of subjective sensation increase his proportionately to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity

Answer 11

Fletcher’s law

Question 12

The minimum amount of simulation necessary for a person to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

Answer 12

Absolute threshold

Question 13

A psycho physical method in which many stimuli, ranging from rarely to almost always perceivable are presented one of the time. participants respond to each presentation: “Yes/no” “same/different” and so on

Answer 13

Method of constant stimuli

Question 14

A psychophysical method in which the particular dimension of a stimulus, or the difference between two stimuli, is varied incrementally until the participant responds differently

Answer 14

Method of limits

Question 15

A method of limits in which the subject controls the change in the stimulus

Answer 15

Method of adjustment

Question 16

A psychophysical method in which the participant assigns values according to perceived magnitudes of the stimuli

Answer 16

Magnitude estimation

Question 17

A printable describing the relationship between stimulus and resulting sensation that says the magnitude of subjective sensation is proportional to the stimulus magnitude raised to an exponent

Answer 17

Stevens power law

Question 18

The ability to match the intensities of sensations that come from different sensory modalities. The ability allows insight into sensory differences. For example, a listener might adjust the brightness of the light until it matches the loudness of a tone

Answer 18

Cross modality matching

Question 19

Super tasters are those individuals who experience the most intense tasting station; for some stimuli, they are dramatically more intense than the medium tasters or non-tasters. Super tasters also tend to experience more intense or Oral burn and oral touch sensation

Answer 19

Super taster

Question 20

A psychophysical theory that quantifies the response of an observer to the presentation of a signal in the presence of noise measures obtain from a series of presentations are sensitivity and criterion of the observer

Answer 20

Signal detection theory

Question 21

In signal detection theory, and internal threshold that is set by the observer. If the internal responses above criterion, the observer gives one response. Below criterion, the observer gives another response.

Answer 21

Criterion

Question 22

In signal detection theory, a value that defines the ease with which in observer can tell the difference between the presence and absence of a stimulus or the difference between stimulus one and stimulus two

Answer 22

Sensitivity

Question 23

In studies of signal detection, the graphical plot of the hit rate as a function of the false alarm rate. If these are the same, points fall on the diagonal, indicating that the observer cannot tell the difference between the presence and absence of the signal. As the observer sensitivity increases the curve bows upward toward the upper left corner. That Point represents a perfect ability to distinguish signal from noise

Answer 23

Receiver operating characteristics curve

Question 24

A simple, smoothly changing oscillation that repeats across space. Higher frequency sine waves have more oscillation and lower frequencies have fewer oscillations over a given distance. Example one in hearing, a waveform for which variation as a function of time is a sign function also called . Pure tone. Example 2 Envision a pattern for whichvariations in property like brightness or color as a function of space is a sign function

Answer 24

Sine waves

Question 25

The distance required for one full cycle of oscillation for a sine wave

Answer 25

Wavelength

Question 26

For hearing, the time required for a full wave link of an acoustic sine wave to pass by a point in space

Answer 26

Period

Question 27

A fraction of the cycle of the sine wave the scripted in degrees or radiance. And hearing, phase can be used to describe fractions of a period That relate to time

Answer 27

Phase

Question 28

A mathematical procedure by which any signal can be separated into component sine waves at different frequencies. Combining these sine waves will reduce the original signal

Answer 28

Fourier analysis

Question 29

The number of cycles of a grating per unit of visual angle

Answer 29

Spatial frequency

Question 30

The number of pairs of dark and bright bars per degree of visual angle

Answer 30

Cycles per degree

Question 31

A doctrine, formulated by Johannes Muller stating that the nature of a sensation depends on which sensory fibers are stimulated not on how fibers are stimulated

Answer 31

Doctrine of specific nerve energies

Question 32

12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brainstem and reach sense organs and muscles through openings in the skull

Answer 32

Cranial nerves

Question 33

The first pair of cranial nerves. The axons of the olfactory sensory Neurons bundled together after passing through the cribriform play to form the old factory nerve which conducts impulses from the olfactory epithelium in the nose to the olfactory bulb

Answer 33

Olfactory nerves

Question 34

The second pair of cranial nerves which arise from the retina and carry visual information to the thalamus and other parts of the brain

Answer 34

Optic nerves

Question 35

The eighth pair of cranial nerves which connects the inner ear with the brain transmitting impulses concerned with hearing and spa deal orientations. Vestibulocochlear nerve is composed of the cochlear nerve branch and the vestibular nerve branch

Answer 35

Vestibulocochlear

Question 36

The third pair of cranial nerves which innervate all be extrinsic muscles of the eye except the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles and which innervate the elevator muscle of the upper eyelid the ciliary muscle and the sphincter muscle of the pupil

Answer 36

Oculomotor nerve

Question 37

The fourth pair of cranial nerves which innervate the superior oblique muscles of the eyeball

Answer 37

Trochlear nerve

Question 38

The six pair of cranial nerve which innervate the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball

Answer 38

Abducens nerve

Question 39

Referring to blending multiple sensory systems

Answer 39

Polysensory

Question 40

The idea that there is a fourth in life that is distinct from physical entities

Answer 40

Vitalism

Question 41

The junction between neurons that permit information transfer

Answer 41

Synapse

Question 42

I chemical substance used in neuronal communication at synapses

Answer 42

Neurotransmitters

Question 43

A set of methods that generate images of the structure and or function of the brain. In many cases these methods allow us to examine the brain in living, behaving humans

Answer 43

Neuroimaging

Question 44

A technique that using many electrodes on the scalp measured electrical activity from populations of many neurons in the brain

Answer 44

Electroencephalograph

Question 45

A measure of electrical activity from a sub population of neurons in response to particular stimuli that requires averaging many EEG recordings

Answer 45

Event related potential

Question 46

A technique similar to electroencephalography that measures changes in magnetic activity across populations of many neurons in the brain

Answer 46

Magnetoencephalopathy

Question 47

An imaging technology that uses x-rays to create images of slices through volumes of material

Answer 47

Computed tomography

Question 48

And imaging technology that uses the responses of Adams too strong magnetic fields to form images of the structures like the brain. The method can be adapted to measure activities in the brain as well

Answer 48

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 49

A very of magnetic resonance imaging that makes it possible to measure localize patterns of activity in the brain. Activated neurons provoke increased blood flow, which can be qualified by measuring changes in the response of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to strong magnetic field's

Answer 49

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 50

The ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin that permits the location of brain neurons that are most involved in a task

Answer 50

Blood oxygen level dependent

Question 51

An imaging technology that enables us to define locations in the brain where neurons are especially active by measuring the metabolism of brain cells using save radioactive isotopes

Answer 51

Positron emission tomography