ch 1-8

Question 1

differences between public and private administration

Answer 1

mission is different serve public interest vs serve to profit. Private more efficient and has competition. Public is more accountable, private only about shareholders. HRM complex rigid in public sector. Public is in a fishbowl of publicity.

Question 2

End of “bargain”

Answer 2

a. Ministers and public servants have had a working relationship where the servants provide advice and assistance and in turn they get to be anonymous and have secure jobs
b. Ministers do not want to protect them now and turn to people outside who are experts for advice instead which is offensive to servants

Question 3

describe the 4 budget plans

Answer 3

1234

Question 4

Max Weber list characteristics of ideal bureaucracy

Answer 4

1. Hierarchical structure (unity of command) clear line of authority
2. Specialization of labor
3. Employment and promotion on Merit
4. Fulltime employment
5. Decisions based on impersonal rules
6. Importance of written files
7. Bureaucrats job is separate from their private life

Question 5

Max Weber list 3 types of authorities

Answer 5

o Traditional authority claims legitimacy through religion or heredity
o Charismatic authority claims legitimacy through outstanding personal characteristics
o Rational authority claims legitimacy through rules and regulations – laws

Question 6

Who is Henry Fayol

Answer 6

…..

Question 7

Frederick W Taylor Scientific Management

Answer 7

‘One best way’ all work reduced to a science.

Question 8

Gulick and Urwick: Scientific Theory of Organization two main concerns

Answer 8

span of control and organization of duties (PPPP) and (staff and line functions)

Question 9

Gulick and Urwick: Scientific Theory of Organization what does PODSCORB stand for

Answer 9

planning
organizing
staffing
directing
coordinating
reporting
budgeting

Question 10

what is new-classical orgnaizations

Answer 10

didnt replace CO theory, critiqued it for emphasis on structure Barand and Merton

Question 11

Herbert Simon and the Proverbs of Administration

Answer 11

For every principle of administration one can find a plausible opposite principle
main criticism is the contradictions in administration

Question 12

what is the Hawthorne Effect

Answer 12

Kept working harder each time because they were being studied and it had nothing to do with the lighting

Question 13

Chester Barnard and the importance of Cooperation

Answer 13

A good organization cooperates communicates and the people need to want it to survive
Use cooperation to recruit the informal system

Question 14

Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs

Answer 14

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Belonging and love
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Question 15

Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y

Answer 15

Assumptions about human nature X
o Dislike work, have to be forced, don’t want responsibility, just want security, no ambition
Y was opposite that
Employees will react to how they are managed if you assume X you will get X

Question 16

Organization Development three phases

Answer 16

o Unfreezing: unlearn dysfunctional behaviour
o Changing: improvements identified and implemented
o Refreezing: so the organization doesn’t revert back

Question 17

Total Quality Management

Answer 17

Popular in North America 1980’s or 90’s from W Edwards Deming
Statistical process control – find deviations from the idea production
TQM: get it done right the first time

Question 18

Katz and Kahn’s Open Systems Approach

Answer 18

People put too much pressures on individuals involved and not enough on the actual environments in which the organization operates

Question 19

Frederick Herzberg

Answer 19

things that cause satisfaction are the reverse of things that cause dissatisfaction

Question 20

What led to NPM being adopted

Answer 20

Excessive government spending, declining faith in public programs, globalization, and excessive bureaucratic power gave fertile ground for theoretical view on public sector shortcomings.

Question 21

Osborne and Gaebler reinventing government 1992

Answer 21

o Government responsibly for providing direction rely on partnerships with private and non-profit to carry out programs and services
o Competition for lower cost and higher quality
o Measure performance concentration on outcomes
o Recipients of government services as customers and give them choice and quality
o Decentralization and participation
o Earn revenue have mission statements for direction

Question 22

Legislative branch

Answer 22

o Queen
o House of commons
o Senate

Question 23

Executive

Answer 23

o Queen represented by the Governor General
o And lieutenant governors of her provinces
o They don’t act unless on advice from prime minister /cabinet
o Basically executive branch is the cabinet or “government” and public service

Question 24

define 3 ways to group departments by size and power

Answer 24

Horizontal Policy Coordinative has the most influence

• Formal authority
• Intervene when they wish
• small number of people and budget but large research and knowledge
• finance, justice, privy council office, treasury board secretariat

Horizontal administrative coordinative has the least

• nuts and bolts
• public works and government services – purchases goods and services for other government agencies at the federal level and ensures public servants have what they need to do their jobs

Vertical constituency provide direct services

• transport, health, industry, defense, environment
• largest budgets
• they cannot deal outside their department

Question 25

What are the 4 main central agencies

Answer 25

Prime ministers office Privy Council Office The treasury board and the treasury board secretariat Department of finance

Question 26

Explain the Prime Ministers Office

Answer 26

o Political Appointments o Advise the PM, speeches, briefing, liaising o All resign when government changes they serve the PM only o Help identify initiatives for the term of office

Question 27

Explain Privy Council Office

Answer 27

o Policy and administrative advice, small o Bigger than PMO o Non political o Staffed career public servants o Opposite of the PMO o Three categories  Direct support to the prime minister  Assistant to cabinet and its committees  Advice on machinery of government and operation of public service

Question 28

Explain The treasury board and the treasury board secretariat

Answer 28

o Cabinet committee with a president, minister of finance, and 4 other ministers appointed by the PM o Has its own secretariat to deal with financial, personal, and management issues o Prepares expenditure budget o General manager of the government o Most active most intrusive

Question 29

Explain Department of finance

Answer 29

o Advise cabinet on matters of economic policy o Broad mandate o Revenue and expenditure budgets o Tax reform and policies o Strongest opposition to new spending programs

Question 30

Define five types of Crown Corporation

Answer 30

Parent corporations - 100% owned by federal government Mixed Enterprise - Shares partly owned by government and partly owned by private (none exist) Joint Enterprise - shared by two levels of government (federal and provincial) Shared Governance - federal government entity but has no financial stake but can partake in appointments International - created to international agreement we hold shares and a right to appoint members

Question 31

list the five aspects of the Rationale for Crown Corporations

Answer 31

1. Nation building, community development and externalities 2. National goals public goods 3. Natural monopolies 4. Incomplete information 5. Fairness

Question 32

List ways that Crown Corporations are controlled politically

Answer 32

1. ministerial actions 2. Financial Admin Act 3. Establishment of legislation 4. Parliamentary Control 5. Specific Actions (reports)

Question 33

List criticisms for Crown Corporations

Answer 33

1. Proliferation of corporations and subsidiaries 2. Irregular practices 3. Political interference 4. Governance system 5. Oversight 6. Profit or public – problems with accountability

Question 34

functions of regulatory agencies

Answer 34

1. Adjudicative 2. Legislative 3. Research 4. Advisory 5. Administrative

Question 35

seven themes for the rationale of regulatory agencies

Answer 35

1. Monopoly 2. Control externalities and spillovers 3. Information 4. Smooth market instability 5. Equity 6. Low cost option 7. Apply specialized expertise

Question 36

6 problems with regulation

Answer 36

``` cost approval process congestion ineffective international regulations poor instruments the Captive Agency Theory ```

Question 37

define Alternative Service Delivery

Answer 37

a creative and dynamic process of public sector restructuring that improves the delivery of services to clients by sharing governance functions with individuals community groups and other government entities. Spectrum of delivery options like a toolbox to choose from that challenge hierarchy and provide flexibility.

Question 38

3 mechanisms of ASD

Answer 38

management flexibility private sector involvement commercialization

Question 39

Problems with ASD

Answer 39

1. Steering and rowing o Separation of policy and operations can be difficult 2. Public interest o Increase responsiveness and emphasis on the bottom line both are part of ASD and seem positive but too much of either is negative to the public interest 3. Loss of accountability o Keeping services at arm’s length from government to increase flexibility adds a loss of accountability 4. Labor relations o Government human resources is strict but provides some protection 5. Savings and performance o Public partner assumes most of the financial risk o Would it be better to apply principals to how it exists without creating all new arrangements?