Ch. 1: Basic Concepts

Question 1

2-D Model of the Earth

Answer 1

Map

Question 2

Relationship to the feature’s size rather than actual size

Answer 2

Scale

Question 3

Shows a small portion of Earth with lots of detail

Answer 3

Large-scale map

Question 4

Shows the entire globe with little detail

Answer 4

Small-scale map

Question 5

Transferring a globe to a flat map

Answer 5

Projection

Question 6

Advantages:
- distorted very little
- the map is rectangular
- distance stays the same
Disadvantages:
- size is distorted near the poles

Answer 6

Mercator Projection

Question 7

Advantages:
- useful for displaying info.
Disadvantages:
- areas are smaller than they actually are
- allocate space to the ocean

Answer 7

Robinson Projection

Question 8

0 degrees latitude

Answer 8

Equator

Question 9

0 degrees longitude

Answer 9

Prime Meridian

Question 10

180 degrees longitude

Answer 10

International Date Line

Question 11

Collect data by orbiting the Earth and collecting images

Answer 11

Remote sensing

Question 12

Used for:
- navigation
- precise location
- contribute to the production of maps

Answer 12

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Question 13

to store “layers” of data

Answer 13

GIS - Geographic Information System

Question 14

Overlaying of layers from multiple sources

Answer 14

Mashup

Question 15

Name given to a place on Earth

Answer 15

toponym

Question 16

physical characteristics of a place (e.g. climate, water sources, elevation..)

Answer 16

Site

Question 17

Locations of a place relative to other places
- familiar places may be used to describe unfamiliar places

Answer 17

Situation

Question 18

An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

Answer 18

Region

Question 19

Shares a common human characteristic or physical characteristic (e.g. states like Texas ad Oklahoma or Amazon Rainforest b/c common vegetation)

Answer 19

Formal region

Question 20

Organized by a focal point (e.g. TV Station’s reception area or a school district)

Answer 20

Functional Region

Question 21

Exists because of beliefs and cultural identity (e.g. the South of the U.S. because they are known to be the Bible Belt)

Answer 21

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

Question 22

A force that involves the entire world, which results in making something worldwide

Answer 22

Globalization

Question 23

The physical gap or interval between two objects

Answer 23

Space

Question 24

The arrangement of a feature in space

Answer 24

Distribution

Question 25

The process by which a characteristic spreads across space

Answer 25

Diffusion

Question 26

Spread of an idea through physical movement (e.g. language)

Answer 26

Relocation Diffusion

Question 27

Spread of an idea through people, power, or authority to another person or place (e.g. social media trends or clothing trends)

Answer 27

Hierarchical Diffusion

Question 28

The rapid spread of characteristics through a population (e.g. diseases, viral post)

Answer 28

Contagious Diffusion

Question 29

Spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic fails to diffuse (e.g. features of Apple's iPhone, McDonald's in India)

Answer 29

Stimulus Diffusion

Question 30

As the distance between people increases, the communication between them decreases

Answer 30

distance-decay

Question 31

The reduction of time it takes to get to one place to another

Answer 31

time-space compression

Question 32

3 core hearths regions

Answer 32

- North America - Europe - Japan

Question 33

Why is there an increasing economic gap

Answer 33

Some countries do not have the wealth of the hearths and some are developing

Question 34

Use of resources to ensure the ability to it

Answer 34

Sustainability

Question 35

3 Pillars of Sustainability

Answer 35

- Environment - Economy - Society

Question 36

- Use of Earth's resources to meet human needs (conversation) - Maintainance of resources (preservation)

Answer 36

Environment Pillar

Question 37

- Low supply and high demand = low price - High supply and low demand = high price

Answer 37

Economy Pillar

Question 38

- Use of resources to meet needs - Consumer choices can support sustainability

Answer 38

Society Pillar

Question 39

Geographical study of the relationships b/w humans and its environment

Answer 39

Cultural Ecology

Question 40

Physical environment caused social development or influenced others

Answer 40

Environmental determinism

Question 41

The physical environment sometimes limits human actions, but humans still adjust to the environment

Answer 41

Possiblism

Question 42

Piece of land that is created by draining water from that area

Answer 42

Polder

Question 43

Five Themes of Geography (give examples)

Answer 43

1. Movement 2. Regions 3. Human-Environment Interaction 4. Location 5. Place