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medical terminology a short course > ch 1 basic word structure > Flashcards

ch 1 basic word structure Flashcards

1
Q

word analysis

suffix

A

ending of a word

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2
Q

word analysis

root

A

gives the essential meaning of the term

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3
Q

word analysis

combining vowel

A

letter o

connects roots to suffixes and roots to other roots

has no meaning of its own but is an important connector between the root and the suffix

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4
Q

word analysis

steps to analyze a medical term

A
  1. begin at suffix
  2. next look at beginning of the term
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5
Q

word analysis

analyzing a medical term

hematology

A

hemat/o/logy

hemat: root (blood)
o: combining vowel
logy: suffix (study of)

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6
Q

word analysis

analyzing a medical term

electrocardiogram

A

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

electr: root (electricity)
o: combining vowel
cardi: root (heart)
o: combining vowel
gram: suffix (record)

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7
Q

word analysis

combining form

A

combining vowel plus the root

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8
Q

important rules to remember for basic word structure

A
  1. READ the meaning of medical words from the suffix to the beginning of the word and then across
  2. DROP the combining vowel before a suffix that starts with a vowel
  3. KEEP the combining vowel between word roots even if the 2nd root begins with a vowel
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9
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: aden/o
meaning: gland
medical term: adenoma

A

gland tumor or mass

-oma means tumor or mass

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10
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: arthr/o
meaning: joint
medical term: arthitis

A

inflammation of joint

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11
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: bi/o
meaning: life
medical term: biology

A

study of life

-logy means stufy of

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12
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: carcin/o
meaning: cancer, cancerous
medical term: carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor

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13
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: cardi/o
meaning: heart
medical term: cardiology

A

study of heart

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14
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: cephal/o
meaning: head
medical term: cephalic

A

pertaining to head

-ic means pertaining to

if an infant is born with the head delivered first, it is a cephalic presentation

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15
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: cerebr/o
meaning: cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
medical term: cerebral
cerebrvascular accident (CVA)

A

pertaining to cerebrum

pertaining to blood vessels in cerebrum

-al means pertaining to

-vascular means pertaining to blood vessels

CVA is commonly known as a stroke

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16
Q

what happens in a stroke?

A

Blood, containing oxygen and nutrients that are necessary to keep cells alive and functioning, is prevented from reaching areas of the cerebrum, and brain cells ie

Depending on the location and extent of reduced blood flow, signs and symptoms may include loss of movement (paralysis), loss of speech (aphasia), weakness, and changes in sensation

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17
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: cyst/o
meaning: urinary bladder
medical term: cystoscope

A

instrument to visually examine

placed through the urethra into the urinary bladder of a female during cystoscopy

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18
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

combining form: cyt/o
meaning: cell
medical term: cytology

A

study of cells

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19
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

derm/o
skin
dermal

A

relating to skin

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20
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

dermat/o
skin
dermatitis

A

skin inflammation

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21
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

electr/o
electricity
electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

a record of a person’s heartbeat

-gram means record

EKG is an older abbreviation for this test

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22
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

encephal/o
brain
electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record of a person’s brain

this record is helpful in determining whether a patient has a seizure disorder, such as epilepsy

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23
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

enter/o
intestines (often the small intestine)
enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine/ intestines

enter/o describes the small intestines and sometimes the intestines in general

col/o and colon/o are combining forms for the large intestine (colon)

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24
Q

combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms

erythr/o
red
erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

-cyte means cell

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25
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms gastr/o stomach gastroscopy
visual examination of the stomach ## Footnote -scopy means process of visual examination with an instrument or -scope a gastroscope is passed through the mouth, throat, and esophagus into the stomach
26
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms gnos/o knowledge diagnosis prognosis
complete knowledge gained after testing/ examining the patient (before knowledge) that is made after the diagnosis; it forecasts the outcome of treatment ## Footnote -sis means state of -dia means complete pro- means before
27
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms gynec/o woman, female gynecology
study of women
28
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms hem/o, hemat/o blood hemoglobin hematoma
protein in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen in the blood a mass of blood trapped in tissues of the skin or in an organ; often results from trauma and is commonly called a bruise ## Footnote -globin means protein -oma means mass or tumor
29
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms hepat/o liver hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by different types of viruses: hep A, hep B, or hep C
30
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms lapar/o abdomen (area between chest and hip) laparotomy
cutting into abdomen ## Footnote -tomy means cutting into exploratory laparotomy the surgeon makes a large incision in the abdominal wall to inspect organs for evidence of disease laparoscpy is visual exam of the abdomen using several small incisions for a laparoscope and other instuments
31
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms leuk/o white leukocyte
white cell
32
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms nephr/o kidney nephrectomy
cutting out kidney ## Footnote -ectomy means cutting out
33
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms neur/o nerve neurology
study of nerves
34
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms onc/o tumor (cancerous) oncologist
specialist of tumors ## Footnote -ist means a specialist
35
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms ophthalm/o eye opthalmoscope
instrument used to examine an eye
36
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms oste/o bone osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease
37
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms path/o disease pathologist
healthcare provider who examines bodies and body tissues
38
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms psych/o mind psychosis
abnormal condition of the mind ## Footnote -osis means abnormal condition
39
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms ren/o kidney renal
refers to the kidney
40
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms rhin/o nose rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
41
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms sarc/o flesh sarcoma
cancerous tumor that grows from the fleshy (connective) tissues os the body muscle, bone, fat, and cartilage
42
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: combining forms thromb/o clotting thrombocyte thrombosis
small cell that helps blood to clot describes the condition of forming a clot
43
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -al pertaining to neural
pertaining to nerve
44
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -algia condition of pain arthralgia
condition of pain in a joint
45
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -cyte cell leukocyte
white cell
46
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -ectomy cutting out; removal, excision gastrectomy
cutting out stomach ## Footnote in a partial or subtotal gastrectomy only a portion of the stomach is removed
47
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -emia blood condition leukemia
blood condition of white blood cells ## Footnote large number of immature, cancerous cells are found in the bloodstream and bone marrow (inner part of the bone that makes blood cells)
48
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -globin protein hemoglobin
blood protein
49
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -gram record arthrogram
x-ray record of a joint
50
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -ia condition neuralgia
pain due to a nerve that is irriatated or damaged ## Footnote -ia means condition and is part of the larger suffix -algia meaning condition of pain
51
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -ic pertaining to gastric
pertaining to stomach
52
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -ism condition, process hyperthyroidism
the thyroid gland is secreting an excessive amount of thyroxine ## Footnote hyper- means excessive the thyroid gland is in the neck it secretes the hormone thyroxine, which helps cells burn food to release energy
53
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -itis inflammation gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and the intestines
54
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -logist specialist in the study of neurologist
specialist in the study of nervous system
55
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -logy study of nephrology
study of kidneys
56
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -oma tumor, mass hepatoma
this is a cancerous (malignant) tumor also called hepatocellular carcinoma
57
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -opsy to view biopsy
to view tissues being removed from a living body
58
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -osis abnormal condition nephrosis leukocytosis
dignerative disease of the kidneys there is an increase in numbers of normal white blood cells as a response to infection
59
# terms using -logy (study of) cardiology
study of the heart
60
# terms using -logy (study of) dermatology
study of the skin
61
# terms using -logy (study of) endocrinology
study of the endocrine glands
62
# terms using -logy (study of) gastroenterology
study of the stomach and the intestines
63
# terms using -logy (study of) gynecology
study of women and women's diseases
64
# terms using -logy (study of) hematology
study of the blood
65
# terms using -logy (study of) neurology
study of the nerves and the brain and the spinal cord
66
# terms using -logy (study of) oncology
study of tumors (cancerous or malignant diseases)
67
# terms using -logy (study of) ophthalmology
study of the eye
68
# terms using -logy (study of) pathology
study of disease
69
# terms using -logy (study of) psychology
study of the mind and mental disorders
70
# terms using -logy (study of) rheumatology
study of joint diseases ## Footnote rheumat/o means flow or watery discharge which was once thought to cause aches and pains especially in joints
71
# terms using -logy (study of) urology
study of the urinary tract ## Footnote surgical specialty
72
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -scope instrument to visually examine gastroscope laparoscope
instrument to visually examine stomach instrument to visually examine abdomen
73
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -scopy process of visual examination laparoscopy arthroscopy
process of visual examination of the abdomen process of visual examination of the joints ## Footnote small incisions are made near the navel, and instruments are inserted into the abdomen for viewing organs and performing procedures such as tying off the fallopian (uterine) tubes
74
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -sis state of prognosis
forecast of a disease
75
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: suffixes -tomy process of cutting into; incision neurotomy
incision of a nerve
76
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes a-, an- no, not anemia
"no blood" it is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or in hemoglobin, the protein that helps in their ability to carry oxygen
77
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes aut- self autopsy
viewing and examining a dead body with one's own (self) eyes ## Footnote -ops (viewing) is embedded in the suffix -opsy (process of viewing)
78
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes dia- complete, through diagnosis diameter
complete process of determining the nature of the disease through measurement
79
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes dys- bad, painful, difficult, abnormal dysentery
a disease characterized by severe diarrhea with passage of mucus and blood and usually caused by infection
80
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes endo- within endocrine glands endocardium
glands secrete hormones within the body and into the bloodstream the valves and chambers within the heart are lined with endocardium ## Footnote crin/o means to secrete (to form and give off) -um indicates a structure
81
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes epi- above, upon, on epigastric
above stomach
82
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes exo- outside exocrine glands
glands which secrete substances outside of the body ## Footnote sweat tear mammary (breast) glands
83
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes hyper- excessive, more than normal, too much hyperglycemia
excessive amount of sugar ## Footnote glyc/o means sugar this may be a sign of diabetes mellitus mellitus means sweet
84
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes hypo- below, less than normal, under hypoglycemia
less than normal amount of sugar ## Footnote this condition results from too much insulin in the bloodstream symptoms are weakness, headache, hunger
85
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes pan- all pandemic
disease spread throughout the world ## Footnote epidemic refers to a disease that has spread to many people, but within a limited or confinded area
86
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes peri- surrounding pericardium
area surrounding the heart
87
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes pro- before, forward prostate gland
this exocrine gland "stands" (-state) before or in front of the urinary bladder in males
88
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes re- back resection
removing some or all of an organ in the sense of cutting back or away ## Footnote -section means cutting into an organ
89
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes retro- behind retrogastric
behind the stomach
90
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes sub- below, under subhepatic
pertaining to under the liver
91
# combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes: prefixes trans- across, through transdermal transurethral
through the skin passing through the urethra
92
type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes
type 1: have hyperglycemia lack insulin type 2: inffeffective insulin insulin is a hormone normally released by the pancreas, an endocrine gland near the stomach insulin allows sugar to leave the blood stream and enter cells when insulin is either absent or not working sugar remains in the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia and diabetes

medical terminology a short course (2 decks)

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