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Comps > CH. 1 General Principles of Biomechanics > Flashcards

CH. 1 General Principles of Biomechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

rotations of a rigid surface about an axis

A

Levers

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2
Q

three types of levers

A
  1. 1st class lever
  2. 2nd class lever
  3. 3rd class lever
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3
Q

lever occurs when two forces are applied on either side of an axis

  • the effort is the force that attempts to cause movement
  • the resistance is the force that opposes movement
A

1st class lever

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4
Q

Example of a 1st class lever (human body)

A

contraction of the triceps at the elbow joint

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5
Q

lever occurs when two forces are applied on one side of an axis

  • resistance lies between the effort force and the axis of rotation
A

2nd class lever

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6
Q

Example of a 2nd class lever (human body)

A

toe raises

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7
Q

lever occurs when two forces are applies on one side of an axis

  • the effort force lies closer to the axis than the resistance force
A

3rd class lever

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8
Q

Example of a 3rd class lever (human body)

A

elbow flexion

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9
Q

movement beteween joint surfaces

A

arthrokinematics

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10
Q

What three motions describe the movement of one joint surface on another?

A
  1. roll
  2. glide
  3. spin
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11
Q

What movement consists of one joint surface rolling on another, such as a tire rolling on the road?

A

Roll

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12
Q

Example of roll

A

movement between the femoral and tibial articular surface of the knee

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13
Q

what movement consists of a pure translatory motion of one surface glidiong on another as when a braked wheel skids?

A

Glide

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14
Q

Example of glide

A

movement of the joint surface of the proximal phalanx at the head of the metacarpal bone of the hand

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15
Q

what movement consists of a rotation of the movable component of the joint?

A

Spin

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16
Q

Example of spin

A

movement between joint surfaces of radial head with humerus

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17
Q

combinations of all three motions can occur at joints

A

e.g.-between joint surfaces of humerus and scapula of shoulder

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18
Q

movement between two bones

A

Osteokinematics

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19
Q

describes relationship between arthrokinematics and osteokinematics

A

convex-concave rule

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20
Q

Convex moving on a fixed concave

A

the convex surface moves opposite to the direction of the shaft of the bony lever

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21
Q

concave moving on a fixed convex

A

the concave articulating surface moves in the same diraction as the bony lever

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22
Q

in the spine, at the level of the atlanto-occipital joint what rule applies?

A

the convex rule-convex surface will move oppsite the bony lever

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23
Q

in the spine below the second vertebra what rule appies?

A

the concave rule- concave surface moves in the same direction at the bony lever

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24
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Finger

Function-?

Moving component of articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Finger

Function-Flexion/extension

Moving component of articulation-Distal Phalanx

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-Concave moving on Convex

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25
Concave-Convex Rule- Metacarpal-phalangeal **Function**-? **Moving component of articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule**-?
Concave-Convex Rule- Metacarpal-phalangeal **Function-** Abduction/Adduction **Moving component of articulation-** Proximal phalanx **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
26
Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist **Function-**? **Moving component of articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist **Function-** Flexion/Extension **Moving component of articulation-** Capitate, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex moving on Concave
27
Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist **Function-**? **Moving component of articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist **Function-** Flexion/Extension **Moving component of articulation-** Trapezoid **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
28
Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Distal **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Distal **Function-** Pronation/Supination **Moving Component of Articulation-** Radius **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
29
Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Proximal **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule**- ?
Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Proximal **Function-** Pronation/Supination **Moving Component of Articulation-** Radius **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex moving on Concave
30
Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroradial **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroradial **Function-** Flexion/Extension **Moving Component of Articulation-** Radius **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
31
Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroulnar **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroulnar **Function-** Flexion/Extension **Moving Component of Articulation-** Ulna **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
32
Concave-Convex Rule- Glenohumeral **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Glenohumeral **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Humerus **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex Moving on Concave
33
Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular **Function-** Elevation/Depression **Moving Component of Articulation-** Clavicle **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex Moving on Concave
34
Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular **Function-** Protraction/Retraction **Moving Component of Articulation-** Clavicle **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
35
Concave-Convex Rule- Acromioclavicular **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Acromioclavicular **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Scapula **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
36
Concave-Convex Rule- Toes **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Toes **Function-** Flexion/Extension **Moving Component of Articulation-** Distal Phalanx **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- **Concave moving on Convex
37
Concave-Convex Rule- Metatarsal-phalangeal **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Metatarsal-phalangeal **Function-** Abduction/Adduction **Moving Component of Articulation-** Proximal Phalanx **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- **Concave moving on Convex
38
Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Navicular, Cuneiform **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave moving on Convex
39
Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar **Function-** Inversion/Eversion **Moving Component of Articulation-** Cuboid, Calcaneus **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex Moving on Concave
40
Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Talocrural **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Talocrural **Function-** Dorsalflexion/Plantarflexion **Moving Component of Articulation-** Talus **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex Moving on Concave
41
Concave-Convex Rule- Tibiofibular **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Tibiofibular **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Fibular head **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave Moving on Convex
42
Concave-Convex Rule- Knee **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Knee **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Tibia **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Concave Moving on Convex
43
Concave-Convex Rule- Hip **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Hip **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Femur **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex Moving on Concave
44
Concave-Convex Rule- Temporomandibular **Function-**? **Moving Component of Articulation-**? **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-**?
Concave-Convex Rule- Temporomandibular **Function-** All Movements **Moving Component of Articulation-** Mandible **Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-** Convex Moving on Concave
45
* Joint position where capsule and other soft tissues are in the most relaxed position * minimal joint surface contact * may perform joint play and mobilization techniques in this joint position
Resting or loose-packed position
46
* Joint position where capsule and other soft tissues are maximally tensed * Maximal contact between joint surfaces * Joint play and mobilization cannot be properly performed in this position
Close-packed position
47
Joint Position- Vertebral **Resting Position-****?** **Close-Packed Position-?**
Joint Position- Vertebral **Resting Position-** Midway between Flexion and Extension **Close-Packed Position-** Maximal Extension
48
Joint Position- Temporomandibular **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Temporomandibular **Resting Position-** Jaw slightly open (freeway space) **Close-Packed Position-** Maximal retrusion (mouth closed with teeth clenched) or maximal anterior position mouth maximally opened
49
Joint Position- Sternoclavicular **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Sternoclavicular **Resting Position-** Arm resting by side **Close-Packed Position-** Arm maximally elevated
50
Joint Position- Acromioclavicular **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Acromioclavicular **Resting Position-** Arm resting by side **Close-Packed Position-** Arm abducted 90º
51
Joint Position- Glenohumeral **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Glenohumeral **Resting Position-** 55°-70° abduction; 30° horizontal adduction; neutral rotation **Close-Packed Position-** Maximal abduction and external rotation
52
Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroulnar) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroulnar) **Resting Position-** 70° flexion & 10° supination **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension & full supination
53
Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroradial) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroradial) **Resting Position-** Full extension & full supination **Close-Packed Position-** 90° flexion & 5° supination
54
Joint Position- Forearm (Proximal Radioulnar) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Forearm (Promimal Radioulnar) **Resting Position-** 70° flexion & 35° supination **Close-Packed Position-** 5° supination & full extension
55
Joint Position- Forearm (Distal Radioulnar) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position**- ?
Joint Position- Forearm (Distal Radioulnar) Resting Position- 10° supination Close-Packed Position- 5° supination
56
Joint Position- Radiocarpal/Ulnocarpal **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Radiocarpal/Ulnocarpal **Resting Position-** Neutral with slight ulnar deviation **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension with radial deviation
57
Joint Position- Hand (Midcarpal) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Midcarpal) **Resting Position-** Neutral with slight flexion & ulnar deviation **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension
58
Joint Position- Hand (Carpometacarpal 2-5) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Carpometacarpal 2-5) **Resting Position-** Midway between flexion/ & extension, mid flexion & mid extension **Close-Packed Position-** Full opposition
59
Joint Position- Hand (Trapeziometacarpal) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Trapeziometacarpal) **Resting Position-** Midway between flexion/extension & between abduction/adduction **Close-Packed Position-** Full opposition
60
Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (1st MCP) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (1st MCP) **Resting Position-** Slight flexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension
61
Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (MCP 2-5) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (MCP 2-5) **Resting Position-** Slight flexion with ulnar deviation **Close-Packed Position-** Full flexion
62
Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Proximal IP) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Proximal IP) Resting Position- 10° flexion Close-Packed Position- Full extension
63
Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Distal IP) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Distal IP) **Resting Position-** 30° flexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension
64
Joint Position- Hip **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Hip **Resting Position-** 30° flexion, 30° abduction, & slight lateral rotation **Close-Packed Position-** * Ligamentous: full extension, abduction, & internal rotation * Bony: 90° flexion, slight abduction, & slight external rotation
65
Joint Position- Knee **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Knee **Resting Position-** 25° flexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension& external rotation
66
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Talocrural) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Talocrural) **Resting Position-** Mid inversion/eversion & 10° plantarflexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full dorsiflexion
67
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Subtalar) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Subtalar) **Resting Position-** Midway between extremes of ROM with 10° plantarflexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full inversion
68
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Midtarsal) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Midtarsal) **Resting Position-** Midway between extremes of ROM with 10° plantarflexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full supination
69
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Tarsometatarsal) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Tarsometatarsal) **Resting Position-** Midway between supination & pronation **Close-Packed Position-** Full supination
70
Joint Position- Toes (Metatarsophalangeal) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Toes (Metatarsophalangeal) **Resting Position-** Neutral (extension 10°) **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension
71
Joint Position- Toes (Interphalangeal) **Resting Position-**? **Close-Packed Position-**?
Joint Position- Toes (Interphalangeal) **Resting Position-** Slight flexion **Close-Packed Position-** Full extension
72
Capsular Patterns- Temporomandibular **Relative Limitations of Movement-?**
Capsular Patterns- Temporomandibular **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limited mouth opening
73
Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Occipitoatlantal Joint) **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Occipitoatlantal Joint) **Relative Limitations of Movement-**Forward flexion linited greater than extension
74
Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Atlantoatlantal Joint) **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Atlantoatlantal Joint) **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation with rotation
75
Capsular Patterns- Lower Cervical Spine (C3-T2) **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Lower Cervical Spine (C3-T2) **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation with all motions except flexion (side-bending and rotation equally limited and both greater than extension)
76
Capsular Patterns- Glenohumeral **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Glenohumeral **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Greater limitation of external rotation, followed by abduction and internal rotation
77
Capsular Patterns- Sternoclavicular **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Sternoclavicular **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Full elevation limited; pain at extreme ROM
78
Capsular Patterns- Acromioclavicular **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Acromioclavicular **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Full elevation limited; pain at extreme ROM
79
Capsular Patterns- Humeroulnar **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Humeroulnar **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Loss of flexion more so than extension
80
Capsular Patterns- Humeroradial **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Humeroradial **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Loss of flexion more so than extension
81
Capsular Patterns- Proximal Radioulnar **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Proximal Radioulnar **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation: Pronation=Supination
82
Capsular Patterns- Distal Radioulnar **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Distal Radioulnar **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation: Pronation=Supination
83
Capsular Patterns- Wrist **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Wrist **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation: Flexion= extension
84
Capsular Patterns- Midcarpal **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Midcarpal **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation: Equal in all directions
85
Capsular Patterns- Trapeziometacarpal **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Trapeziometacarpal **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation: abduction more so than extension
86
Capsular Patterns- Carpometacarpals 2-5 **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Carpometacarpals 2-5 **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Equally restricted in all directions
87
Capsular Patterns- Upper extermity digits **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Upper extermity digits **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation: flexion\> extension
88
Capsular Patterns- Thoracic spine **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Thoracic spine **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limitation of side-bending and rotation \> loss of extension\> flexion
89
Capsular Patterns- Lumbar spine **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Lumbar spine **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Marked and equal limitation of side-bending and rotation; loss of extension \> flexion
90
Capsular Patterns- Sacroiliac, Symphysis pubis, Sacrococcygeal **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Sacroiliac, Symphysis pubis, Sacrococcygeal **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Pain when joints are stressed
91
Capsular Patterns- Hip **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Hip **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Limited flexion/internal rotation; some limitation of abduction; no or little limitation of adduction and external rotation
92
Capsular Patterns- Knee **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Knee **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Flexion grossly limited; slight limitation of extension
93
Capsular Patterns- Tibiofibular (Proximal & Distal) **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Tibiofibular (Proximal & Distal) **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Pain when joint is stressed
94
Capsular Patterns- Talocrural **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Talocrural **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Loss of plantarflexion greater than dorsiflexion
95
Capsular Patterns- Talocalcaneal (Subtalar) **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Talocalcaneal (Subtalar) **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Increasing limitations of varus; joint fixed in valgus (inversion \> eversion)
96
Capsular Patterns- Midtarsal **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Midtarsal **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Supination\>pronation (limited dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, adduction, and medial rotation)
97
Capsular Patterns- 1st Metatarsophalangeal **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- 1st Metatarsophalangeal **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Marked limitation of extension; slight limitation of flexion
98
Capsular Patterns- Metatarsophalangeal 2-5 **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Metatarsophalangeal 2-5 **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Variable; tend toward flexion restrictions
99
Capsular Patterns- Interphalangeal **Relative Limitations of Movement-**?
Capsular Patterns- Interphalangeal **Relative Limitations of Movement-** Tend toward extension restrictions
100
what are 3 Normal Physiological End-feels?
1. Soft 2. Firm 3. Hard
101
what end-feel occurs with soft soft tissue approximation?
Soft end-feel
102
What end-feel occurs with capsular and ligamentous stretching?
Firm end-feel
103
what end-feel occurs when bone and/or cartilage meet?
Hard end-feel
104
What are the 5 Pathological end-feels?
1. Boggy 2. Firm with decreased elasticity 3. Rubbery 4. Empty 5. Hypermobility
105
What end-feel occurs with edema and joint swelling?
Boggy end-feel
106
what end-feel occurs with the fibrosis of soft tissues?
Firm with decreased elasticity end-feel
107
What end-feel occurs with a muscle spasm?
Rubbery end-feel
108
what end-feel occurs when ROM is loose, then very hard; associated with muscle guarding or patient avoiding painful part of range?
Empty end-feel
109
what end-feel occurs with an end-feel that happens at a later time than on the opposite side?
Hypermobility end-feel
110
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement**- 0 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 0 **Classification of Joint-** Ankylosed
111
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 1 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 1 **Classification of Joint-** Considerable Hypomobility
112
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 2 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 2 **Classification of Joint-** Slight Hypomobility
113
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 3 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 3 **Classification of Joint-** Normal
114
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 4 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 4 **Classification of Joint-** Slight Hypermobility
115
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 5 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 5 **Classification of Joint-** Considerable Hypermobility
116
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 6 **Classification of Joint-**?
Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion **Assessed Grade of movement-** 6 **Classification of Joint-** Unstable
117
What happens when muscles have become shortened/lenghtened, weakened, lost endurance, developed impaired coordination, or become paralyzed?
Stronger muscles compensate for loss of motion
118
When shoulder abductors are weakened what muscles initiate shoulder motion?
Scapular stabilizers
119
When hip abductors are weak what muscles take over?
lateral trunk muscles or tensor fascia latae (TFL)
120
When finger flexors are weak(tenodesis) what muscles are used?
use of passive finger flexion by contraction of wrist extensors
121
When the pectoralis major muscle is weak what muscles are used to take over?
long head of biceps, coracobrachialis and anterior deltoid
122
when the hip extensors are weak what muscles help out?
low back extensors, adductor magnus, and quadratus lumborum
123
when the hip flexors are weak what muscles help out?
lower abdominals, lower obliques, hip adductors, and latissimus dorsi

Comps (3 decks)

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