ch. 1 homeostasis and integration: the foundations of physiology

Question 1

what is an organism’s vital function

Answer 1

growth and development

Question 2

gland cells

Answer 2

secrete digestive enzymes

Question 3

neurons

Answer 3

generate and transmit electrical impulses

Question 4

kidney cells

Answer 4

selectively retain needed substances while eliminating unwanted substances in the urine

Question 5

muscle cells

Answer 5

produce movement

Question 6

levels of organization

Answer 6

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 7

cell

Answer 7

smallest unit capable of carrying out the process associated with life

Question 8

tissue

Answer 8

group of cells with similar structures and functions

Question 9

organ

Answer 9

two or more tissues organized to perform a particular function

Question 10

organ system

Answer 10

collection of organs that interact to accomplish a common activity

Question 11

4 primary tissue types

Answer 11

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue

Question 12

epithelial tissue

Answer 12

exchanges materials; protection, secretion, and absorption

lines body cavity and surface

Question 13

connective tissue

Answer 13

structural support; connects, supports, and anchors various body parts

tendon, blood, lymph

Question 14

muscular tissue

Answer 14

movement; contraction and force generation

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 15

nervous tissue

Answer 15

communication, coordination, and control; initiation and transmission of electrical impulses

excitable, transmits signals

Question 16

3 basic germ layers

Answer 16

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 17

ectoderm

Answer 17

[ecto - outside]

forms skin including mammary glands and neural tissue

Question 18

mesoderm

Answer 18

muscle, connective and plural tissues

Question 19

endoderm

Answer 19

[endo - inside]

forms internal organs; lungs, visceral organs, gut and liver

Question 20

do larger or smaller animals have a smaller surface area/volume ratio

Answer 20

larger animals

Question 21

homeostasis

Answer 21

maintenance of a consistent internal state, not fixed

essential for proper cell function

Question 22

3 types of epithelial cells

Answer 22

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 23

3 types of exocrine glands

Answer 23

apocrine [mammary, sweat], holocrine [sebacous, sweat], merocrine [pancreatic, sweat]

Question 24

conformers [homeostasis]

Answer 24

internal state varies with that of the environment

Question 25

negative feedback

Answer 25

occurs when a change in a controlled variable triggers a response that opposes the change

main regulatory mechanism for homeostasis

ex: control of room temperature

Question 26

whole-body control systems

Answer 26

nervous system, endocrine system

Question 27

support and movement systems

Answer 27

skeletal system, muscular system