Ch 1 - InQuiz Flashcards
(33 cards)
a scientist who wrote the book Cognitive Psychology (1967) and is often referred to as the “father of cognitive psychology
Ulric Neisser
a scientist who demonstrated that people rely heavily on schemas to shape and organize their memories
Frederic Bartlett
a behaviorist who believed learning involved the acquisition of new knowledge—not simply a change in behavior
Edward Tolman
a fierce critic of B.F. Skinner’s view that language acquisition could be understood simply in terms of behaviors and rewards
Noam Chomsky
a scientist who used computer-based vocabulary to characterize and explain the human cognition
Donald Broadbent
The transcendental method was suggested by the philosopher?
Immanuel Kant
The transcendental method
provides a solution to the impasse that while the mental world shapes behavior, it cannot be directly studied
Mental processes can only be observed through.
introspection
In the transcendental method psychologists observe
visible effects on objective events that lead to hypotheses about the role of invisible mental processes on these events.
In the transcendental method, visible objects or events are used
to make inferences about invisible objects or events that cannot be observed directly.
Changes in recognition accuracy provide visible events
that can be used to infer the capacity of the invisible memory system.
transcendental method
How are the fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and cognitive neuropsychology similar to each other?
They all use transcendental methods
Cognitive psychology uses behavioral methods to
study mental processes in typical individuals
Cognitive neuropsychology studies mental processes in patients with
brain damage
Cognitive neuroscience also studies mental processes but uses
neural methods instead
Regardless of the diverse procedures used across Cognitive psychology, cognitive neuropsychology, and Cognitive neuroscience
they are united in how they theorize about the framework of mental processes by studying measurable behaviors.
Why did introspection largely fail as a scientific approach to studying mental activity?
Researchers could not distinguish between true and false observations.
A researcher is testing two groups of rats. Rats in Group 1 are placed in a maze with food in the same location every day for two weeks. Rats in Group 2 are placed in the same maze every day for two weeks, but only have food available on the last day of the two weeks. How will the behavior of the two groups compare on the next day they are placed in the maze?
Both groups will run immediately to the location of the food.
Despite not getting a food reward prior to the last day, the rats in Group 2 would form a cognitive map of the maze just as well as the rats in Group 1.
This research suggests that the rats in Group 2 have learned the layout of the maze even though they did not receive any food reward prior to the last day.
While both fields work toward understanding cognitive processing by studying the brain and nervous system, cognitive neuroscience
primarily measures
brain activity of healthy individuals using neuroimaging techniques
____________measure brain activity while participants are engaged in cognitive tasks to provide important information about the relationship between cognitive processing and brain function.
Neuroimaging techniques
________provides important information about brain function by observing how brain damage disrupts cognitive processing.
Clinical neuropsychology
clinical neuropsychology studies patients with brain damage to understand
how these disrupted areas affect cognition processes.
H.M. could not form memories
of new experiences that happened after the surgery.
