CH. 1 - Intro

Question 1

Phyiology

Answer 1

study of how body works to maintain life

Question 2

Pathophysiology

Answer 2

how physiological processes are altered in disease or injury

Question 3

Scientific Method

Answer 3

Hypothesis, Experiments

Question 4

Phase 1: Drug Testing

Answer 4

Human volunteers

Question 5

Phase 2: Drug Testing

Answer 5

Target population

Question 6

Phase 3: Drug Testing

Answer 6

Diverse population

Question 7

Phase 4: Drug Testing

Answer 7

Other potential uses

Question 8

State of dynamic constancy, by negative feedback loops

Answer 8

Homeostasis

Question 9

Detects deviation from set point

Answer 9

Sensor

Question 10

Determines respone

Answer 10

Integrating center

Question 11

Produces response

Answer 11

Effector

Question 12

______ control is built into organ being regulated

Answer 12

Intrinsic

Question 13

A regulatory mechanism that comes from outside of organ such as sweating

Answer 13

Extrinsic

Question 14

Positive feedback, EX: blood clots, LH surges

Answer 14

amplifies changes

Question 15

Reduces changes such as controlling blood pressure

Answer 15

Negative Feedback Loops

Question 16

Primary Tissues

Answer 16

Muscles, nervous, epithelial, connective tissues

Question 17

Specialized for contraction, 3 types: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Answer 17

Muscle Tissue

Question 18

striated; voluntary. Multinucleated, individually controlled

Answer 18

Skeletal Muscle

Question 19

Myocardial cells, striated and involuntary, have intercalated discs

Answer 19

Cardiac muscle

Question 20

intercalated discs

Answer 20

between cells that provide mechanical and electrical interconnections

Question 21

Not striated and involuntary

Answer 21

Smooth muscle

Question 22

Consists of neurons and glial cells, specialized for conducting electrical signals

Answer 22

Nervous tissue

Question 23

Glial cells

Answer 23

support and protect nerve cells

Question 24

Receive signals from other neurons, branched

Answer 24

Dendrites

Question 25

Conduct nerve impulses

Answer 25

Axon

Question 26

Cell body

Answer 26

contains nucleus in nervous tissue

Question 27

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 27

Lines and covers body surfaces

Question 28

Epithelial tissue (Hint: 3 types)

Answer 28

Squamous, columnar, cuboidal

Question 29

One cell thick, specialized for transport

Answer 29

Simple membranes

Question 30

Stratified epithelial tissue | Hint: Opposite of simplified epithelial tissue

Answer 30

number of layers; for protection

Question 31

Non-keratinized

Answer 31

stratified squamous consists of living cells

Question 32

Keratinized

Answer 32

stratified squamous consists of living cells

Question 33

Junctional complexes

Answer 33

where cells are joined, which increases strength and creates a barrier

Question 34

where the junctional complexes are separated

Answer 34

Basement membrane

Question 35

Clusters in exocrine glands

Answer 35

Acini

Question 36

Exocrine Glands | How do they work?

Answer 36

secretion is caused by surrounding myoepithelial cells, secrete via ducts

Question 37

Connective Tissue | What kind of material is in its space between cells?

Answer 37

Extracellular material depositied in space between its cells

Question 38

Consists of collagen and tissue fluid

Answer 38

Loose connective tissue

Question 39

Connective Tissue proper | What is it packed with?

Answer 39

Dense regular connective tissue is packed with fibers of collagen

Question 40

Specialized for fat synthesis, breakdown and storage | A connective tissue

Answer 40

Connective Tissue - Adipose

Question 41

Connective Tissue - Cartilage What is it specialized for? What is it made of?

Answer 41

Specialized for support, protection, Made of chondrocytes and elastic extracellular material

Question 42

Connective Tissue - Bone What is it made of?

Answer 42

Formed as concentric layers of calcified material

Question 43

bone-forming cells

Answer 43

Osteoblasts

Question 44

Osteocytes

Answer 44

trapped, inactive osteoblasts

Question 45

Osteoclasts

Answer 45

the bone resorbing cells

Question 46

Are anatomical and functional units made of two or more primary tissues

Answer 46

Organs

Question 47

Systems

Answer 47

groups of organs working together to maintain homeostasis

Question 48

Skin layers from outer to inner

Answer 48

cornified epidermis (protect), dermis (connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, nerves), hypodermis (fat)

Question 49

unique cells in the body that can develop into many different cell types

Answer 49

Stem cells

Question 50

Body-Fluid Compartments

Answer 50

intracellular and extracellular compartments

Question 51

extracellular compartments | What is it made of?

Answer 51

composed of blood plasma and interstitial fluid or tissue fluid