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Surgical Recall > Ch. 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Ch. 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

ABCDs of Melanoma

A 
A: Asymmetry
B: Border irregularities
C: Color variation 
D: Diameter >0.6cm
E: Evolution
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2
Q

What is the Allen’s Test?

A

Patency of ulnar/radial communicating arteries

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3
Q

Ballance’s sign?

A
  1. Constant dullness to percussion in the L flank/ LUQ
  2. Resonance to percussion in R flank

= splenic rupture/hematoma

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4
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

Squamous to Columnar metaplasia of distal esophagus

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5
Q

Battle’s sign

A

Ecchymosis over mastoid process = basilar skull fracture

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6
Q

Beck’s triad

A
  1. JVD
  2. Hypotension
  3. Distant heart sounds
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7
Q

Bergman’s triad?

A
  1. Mental status change
  2. Petechiae (axilla/thorax)
  3. Dyspnea

= fat emboli

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8
Q

Blumer’s shelf?

A

Metastatic dz to rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a shelf that is palpable on rectal exam

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9
Q

Boas’ sign?

A

Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

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10
Q

Borchardt’s triad?

A
  1. Emesis followed by retching
  2. Epigastric distention
  3. Failure to pass an NGT

= gastric volvulus

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11
Q

Carcinoid Triad?

A
  1. Flushing
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Right sided heart failure
    (FDR)
    = carcinoid syndrome
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12
Q

Charcot’s triad?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. RUQ pain

= cholangitis

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13
Q

Chvostek’s sign?

A

Twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve in puts with HYPOcalcemia

CHovostek’s = CHeek

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14
Q

Courvoisier’s law

A

Enlarged nontender gall bladder seen with obstruction of the common bile duct

Usually pancreatic cancer NOT gallstones

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15
Q

Cullen’s sign?

A

Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around anterior abdominal wall through facial planes

Ala acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

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16
Q

Cushing’s triad?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Irregular respirations

= increased intracranial pressure

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17
Q

Dance’s sign

A

Empty right lower quadrant in children with ileocecal INTUSSUSCEPTION

18
Q

Fothergill’s sign?

A

Used to differentiate an intra-abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall
If mass if felt while there is tension on the musculature then it is in the wall = sitting halfway upright

19
Q

Fox’s sign?

A

Ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding

20
Q

Goodsall’s rule?

A

Anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and a curved path posteriorly from midline.

(Think of a dog with a straight anterior nose and a curved posterior tail)

21
Q

Grey Turner’s sign?

A

Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flanks in patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retro peritoneum (hemorrhagic pancreatitis)

(TURNer’s = TURN side to side)

22
Q

Hamman’s sign/crunch?

A

Crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum

=pneumomediastinum & Boerhaave’s syndrome

23
Q

Howship-Romberg sign?

A

Pain along the inner aspect of the thigh

=obturator hernia as the result of nerve compression

24
Q

Kehr’s sign?

A

Severe left shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture

As a result of referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation

25
Q

Kelly’s sign?

A

Visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction; used to identify the ureter during surgery

26
Q

Krukenberg tumor?

A

Metastatic tumor to the ovary

Classically from gastric cancer

27
Q

Laplace’s law?

A

Wall tension = pressure x radius

= colon perfs preferentially at the cecum bc of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension

28
Q

McBurney’s point?

A

1/3 the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line connecting the two

29
Q

Rule of 2s for Meckel’s diverticulum

A

2% of population
2% symptomatic
Occur with 2 feet of ileocecal valve
Male:Female 2:1

30
Q

Obturator sign

A

internal/external rotation of leg = pain

= appy

31
Q

Psoas sign

A

Pt on L side, extend hip with knee in full extension

= appy

32
Q

Raccoon eyes?

A

B/l black eyes as a result of basilar skull fracture

33
Q

Reynold’s Pentax

A
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. RUQ pain
  4. Mental status changes
  5. Shock/sepsis

(Charcot’s triad +) = supperative cholangitis

34
Q

Rovsing’s sign?

A

Palpation of LLQ resulting in pain in RLQ

= appy

35
Q

Saint’s triad

A
  1. Cholelithiasis
  2. Hiatal hernia
  3. Diverticular dz
36
Q

Silk glove sign?

A

Indirect hernia sac in a pediatric pt

Feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger

37
Q

Sister Mary Joseph’s sign

A

Metastatic tumor to umbilical lymph node

Aka Sister Mary Joseph Node

38
Q

Virchow’s triad?

A
  1. Stasis
  2. Enothelial injury
  3. Hypercoagulability
39
Q

Trousseau’s sign?

A

Carpal spasm after occlusion of blood to the forearm with BP cuff in pts with HYPOcalcemia

40
Q

Valentino’s sign?

A

RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer d/t succus/pus draining into RLQ

41
Q

Westermark’s sign?

A

Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a pt with pulmonary embolus

42
Q

Whipple’s triad?

A

Evidence for insulinoma

  1. Hypoglycemia <50
  2. CNS and vasomotor sxs ( syncope, diaphoresis)
  3. Relief of sxs with administration of glucose

Surgical Recall (2 decks)

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