Ch. 1 Intro/life&adaptation

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Unifying principle of biology

Question 2

Natural history

Answer 2

Systematic study of organisms/natural objects

Question 3

Lamarck

Answer 3

Defined biology (living things should be studied as a whole)

Question 4

Aristotle

Answer 4

Father of biology

Used empirical evidence/inductive reasoning

Question 5

Deductive reasoning

Answer 5

Specific observation from general premise

Theory->confirmation

Question 6

Inductive reasoning

Answer 6

General conclusion from specific observation

(Observation->hypothesis

Question 7

The scientific method

Answer 7

1. Hypothesis
2. Observation (experiment)
3. Data analysis
4. Conclusions (accept or reject)

Question 8

All life is:

Answer 8

Composed of cells

Contain DNA

Question 9

Characteristics of life

Answer 9

1. Display order
2. Use energy
3. Respond to stimuli
4. Reproduce
5. Exhibit homeostasis
6. Develop
7. Evolve

Levels of complexity

Question 10

Al cells contain:

Answer 10

DNA, cell membranes, ribosomes

Question 11

LUCA

Answer 11

Last universal common ancestor

Question 12

Life adapts through evolution:

Answer 12

DNA sequence change=mistakes in DNA replication/effects of environmental agents—>MUTATIONS—>biol. evolution

Question 13

Biol. adaptation

Answer 13

Anatomical structure, physiological process/behavioral trait of organism that INCREASES EXPECTED LONG-TERM REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS LEVEL (fitness)

Question 14

E.g., marine Iguana

Answer 14

Adapted salt glands between eyes/nostrils

Question 15

Behavioral adaptation (e.g., killer whale)

Answer 15

Foraging strategies/social structures in response to prey choice

Question 16

Structural adaptation (e.g., polar bear)

Answer 16

Anatomical/morphological

Question 17

How does life adapt?

Answer 17

Through evolution

Physical, chemical, and behavioural characteristics change

Question 18

Evolution

Answer 18

Results in traits that promote survival and reproductive success

Question 19

Cells

Answer 19

Basic structural units of life

Contain DNA, cell membranes, and ribosomes

Question 20

Chemical unity

Answer 20

65% oxygen
10%H
19%C
3& N

Question 21

4 biomolecules:

Answer 21

CHO
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 22

Why are unicellular organisms so small?

Answer 22

Cells are subject to surface area to volume ratio

Surface area lowers as cell volume increases

Cannot meet cell needs

Question 23

How to accomodate for surface area to volume ratio

Answer 23

Lower cell size
Multicellular
Cell elongation

Question 24

Prokaryotes

Answer 24

Lack membrane bound organelles/Nucleus
No mitosis
DNA in single (circular) chromosome

Question 25

Eukaryotes

Answer 25

Membrane-bound nucleus Mitosis division DNA organized into multiple chromosomes

Question 26

RO prokaryotes

Answer 26

Bifidobacterium Anabaena Halobacterium