Ch 1: Intro to Pathophysiology Flashcards
(65 cards)
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes
-> when homeostasis is maintained, good health is
generally maintained
-> when homeostasis is not maintained, disease
may develop
Health
Physical, mental, and social well-being
Disease
Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis
Health Indicators
-“Normal” values occur within a range of values and may vary depending on the technology used for measurement.
- Adjustments caused by the following:
- > age
- > gender
- > genetics
- > environment
- > activity level
Concept and Scope of Pathophysiology
- Functional (physiologic) changes in the body as a result from disease
- Uses knowledge of basic anatomy and physiology
- Includes aspects of pathology, which describes structural changes in body tissues caused by disease.
- Cause and effect relationships, defined by signs and symptoms, guide the study of a specific disease
Prevention of Disease
- Has become a primary focus in health care
- > Maintaining routine vaccination programs
- > Participation in screening programs
- > Community health programs
- > Regular routine doctor visits
Stages of Research Process
Stage 1:
->”Basic Science”
->Identification of technology to be used
->Word done in the laboratory
->might require animal or cell/tissue cultures
Stage 2:
->Small number of human subjects
Stage 3:
->Clinical trials
->Involving a large number of patients with the disease or risk of the disease
->”Double blind studies”
Medical History
- Current and prior illnesses
- Allergies
- Hospitalizations
- Treatment
- Specific difficulties
- Any type of therapy or drugs
- > prescriptions
- > nonprescriptions
- > herbal items, including food supplements
Basic Terminology: Gross Level
Organ or system level (Ex: organs, tissues, and body cavities)
Basic Terminology: Microscopic Level
Cellular Level
Basic Terminology: Biopsy
Excision of small amounts of living tissue
Basic Terminology: Autopsy
Examination of the body and organs after death
Disease Process: Diagnosis
Identification of a basic disease
- > Evaluation of signs and symptoms - > Laboratory tests
Disease Process: Etiology
Causative factors in a particular disease
- > Congenital defects
- > inherited or genetic disorders
- > microorganisms
- > Immunologic dysfunctions
- > Degenerative Changes
- > Malignancy
- > Metabolic, nutritional problems
- > Trauma, burns, environmental factors
Causes of Disease: Idiopathic
Cause of disease is unknown
Causes of Disease: Iatrogenic
Error/treatment/procedure may cause the disease
Causes of Disease: Predisposing Factors
Age, gender, inherited factors, environmental, etc
Causes of Disease: Prophylaxis
Preserve health; prevent spread of disease
Causes of Disease: Prevention
Vaccinations; dietary/lifestyle modifications; prevention of potentially harmful activities, etc
Characteristics of Disease: Pathogenesis
Development of the disease
Characteristics of Disease: Onset of disease
- Sudden/acute
- Insidious: gradual, vague or mild signs
Characteristics of Disease: Acute disease
- Short-term, develops quickly
- High fever, severe pain, etc
Characteristics of Disease: Chronic disease
- Develops gradually
- Milder symptoms, often intermitted with acute episodes
Characteristics of Disease: Subclinical state
Pathologic changes, no obvious manifestations
