CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the definition of Psychology as a Science?
It is a scientific study of behaviors, study of mental processes and jit is science because it uses scientific method
What are the goals of Psychology?
Description, Explanation, Prediction and Influence
description
make notes about behaviors or situations observed
Explanation
required understanding of conditions, understanding the causes of behavior and mental processes
Prediction
Specify conditions under which behavior or event will likely occur
Understand and predict likelihood of occurrence
Influence
apply principles and change conditions to prevent unwanted occurrences. Bring about desired outcomes.
what is the basic and applied research?
seeks new knowledge
explore, advances general scientific understanding
answer the first 3 goals of psychology
applying research to life, solving practical problem
Types of Research methods
Descriptive research method, and the experimental method
who is the founder of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
Who introduced psychology to North America?
Edward Brandford Titchener
What is structuralism?
analyze basic elements/structure of conscious
an introspection of self-observation seen as not objective
What is functionalism?
mental processes help animals adapt to environment
broadened scope of psychology to include study of behavior and mental processes
Define Gestalt Psychology
perceived whole is more than sum of its part
Gestalt principles influence psychology of perception today
who demonstrate the famous phi phenomenon?
Max Wertheimer
who is the founder of behaviourism?
John B. Watson
What is behaviorism?
observable, measurable behaviour.
environmental factors determine behaviour
Psychoanalysis
Unseen, unconscious mental forces key to understanding human behavior
iceberg analogy
controversy regarding psychoanalysis
it emphasis on sexual and aggressive impulses
Who is the founder of Psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Naturalistic Observation
Observe and record beahvior in natural setting with no attempt tonfluence or control behavior
Laboratory Observation
Advantages are more control over environment, previse equipment to measure responses
Disadvantage is less spontaneity
The Case Study Method
one or few participants, in-depth study usually over time
Study uncommon psychologicalor physiological disorders
Survey Research
Using interview or questionnaires
Correlational Method
Estalish relationship (correlation) betweentwo characteristics, events or behavior
It is useful in making prediction
