Ch. 1 Linking food and heath Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is nutrition?
the study of how food nourhises our body and influences our health. Digest, abosrb, store, use
What did nutrition research focus on
- Supporting health and preventing and treating chronic illnesses. Early eating patterns lacked vitamins led to nutrient deficent issues.
How is nutrition looked at now?
Food conusmption, digestion, absorbtion, factors that influence eating patterns, food safety, recommended amounts.
How does nutrition support health?
- Supports wellness which is the ability to make good choices that enhance life. Nutrients are broken down to macromolecules that can be used by the tissues.
Lack of nutrition
- Plays a role in diease development, deficent dieases scrurvy, cancer, foods in iron and folic acid help
What defines a nutrient
Chemicals found in foods that are crtical to human growth and function, the body is unable to syethesize in good amounts.
Six classess of essenitals
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
Organic vs Inorganic
Organic refers to contain carbon and nutrients like carbs fats, proteins, vitamins are all organic
Inorganic does not so things like water and minerals
Macronutrient vs micronutrient
Macronutrient are nutrients needed in larger amounts that direclty give energy so fat, protein, carbs, oils
Micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts and are vitamins and minerals.
Macros
Energy measured KJ and Kcal
Kcal
amount of energy required to raise 1kg water by 1 degree.
1kcal = 1000 calories
1 kcal= 4.2 Kilojoules (KJ)
Carbohydrates
PRIMARY source of fuel for the body and brain. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proves 4kcal/g of energy
Grains, fruit, veggies, nuts seeds, dairy
Fats or lipids
Type of lipid, organic molecule that are insoluble in water, fatty acids, triglycerdies, chloestrol
- Provide 9 kcal/g ( more than carbohydrates)
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- Butter, margaine, vegetable oils such as canola oils, sunflower oil
- Source of fuel when at rest or low intense excerise
Proteins
Chains of amino acids
- can supply 4kcal/g of energy
- Have carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
Has nitrogen group, carboxyl group,
Meat, seeds, nuts, dairy
- Supports tissue growth, repair, and maintenance, bones, metabolisum. fluid balance
CHO ( sugar and starches)
- 4 kcal/g
- FIber is a carb but does not give energy
Lipids
Concentrated energy form
Fats or oils are tryglycerides
Provides 9kcal/g energy
Proteins
Build of amino acids
Repair, cell growth , maintenance
Meat, milk, fish, grains
4 kcal/g
What are the at water energy levels for each macromolecule?
- Carbohydrate: 4kcal/g
- Fats: 9kcal/g
- Proteins 4kcal/g
- Alcohol has 7 kcal/g
How can you calculate the energy yielded from a meal?
- Divide into three macromolecules of fats, carbs, and proteins and find the grams .
- Multiply grams by the at-water energy levels : 10g x 9kcal/g grams cancel and = 90kcal
- Add all the groups kcal values
Micronutrients
Regulation of the body’s functions
Vitamins and minerals are examples and do not provide kcal’s.
Nutrients needed in smaller amounts to support normal body functions.
What does energy density refer to ?
High amount of energy packed in
Vitamins
Organic molecules that aid in regulating body processess. Absorbed, stored, transported
- Fat / Water soluble
Which vitamins are fat-soluble
A, D, E, K and are stored in the body which can lead to toxcity
Water-soluble vitamins
C and B are soluble in water and are not stored in the body. They can not be toxic due to the excessive storage.
