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Developmental Biology > Ch. 1. Making New Bodies > Flashcards

Ch. 1. Making New Bodies Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

The process of progressive and continuous change that generates a complex multicellular organism from a single cell. Development occurs throughout embryogenesis, maturation to the adult form, and continues into senescence.

The processes of development include fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, regeneration, and senescence.

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2
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg with a diploid chromosomal complement in its zygote nucleus generated by fusion of the haploid male and female pronuclei.

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3
Q

Embryology

A
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4
Q

Developmental biology

A

The discipline that studies embryonic and other developmental processes, such as replacement of old cells by new, regeneration, metamorphosis, aging, and development of disease states such as cancer.

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5
Q

Differentiation

A

The process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized into one of the many cell types that make up the body.

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6
Q

Morphogenesis

A

The organization of the cells of the body into functional structures via coordinated cell growth, cell migration, and cell death.

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7
Q

Stem cell

A

A relatively undifferentiated cell from the embryo, fetus, or adult, that divides and when it does so, produces (1) one cell that retains its undifferentiated character and remains in the stem cell niche; and (2) a second cell that leaves the niche and can undergo one or more paths of differentiation.

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8
Q

Embryogenesis

A

The stages of development between fertilization and hatching (or birth).

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9
Q

Fertilization

A

Fusion of male and female gametes followed by fusion of the haploid gamete nuclei to restore the full complement of chromosomes characteristic of the species and initiation in the egg cytoplasm of those reactions that permit development to proceed.

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10
Q

Gametes

A
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11
Q

Pronuclei

A
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12
Q

Genome

A
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13
Q

Cleavage

A
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14
Q

Blastomeres

A
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15
Q

Blastula

A
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16
Q

Gastrulation

A
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17
Q

Gastrula

A
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18
Q

Germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)

A
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19
Q

Endoderm

A
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20
Q

Ectoderm

A
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21
Q

Mesoderm

A
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22
Q

Organogenesis

A
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23
Q

Metamorphosis

A
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24
Q

Larva

A
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25
Q

Germ cells

A
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26
Q

Somatic cells

A
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27
Q

Gametogenesis

A
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28
Q

Blastopore

A
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29
Q

Notochord

A
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30
Q

Neurula

A
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31
Q

Neural tube

A
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32
Q

Somites

A
33
Q

Meiosis

A
34
Q

Oviparity

A
35
Q

Viviparity

A
36
Q

Ovoviviparity

A
37
Q

Holoblastic

A
38
Q

Meroblastic

A
39
Q

Epigenesis

A
40
Q

Preformationism

A
41
Q

Blastomeres

A
42
Q

Vegetal pole

A
43
Q

Animal pole

A
44
Q

Isolethical

A
45
Q

Holoblastic

A
46
Q

Merioblastic cleavage

A
47
Q

Centrolethical

A
48
Q

Superficial cleavage

A
49
Q

Telolethical

A
50
Q

Discoidal cleavage

A
51
Q

Holoblastic cleavage

A
52
Q

Gastrulation

A
53
Q

Invagination

A
54
Q

Involution

A
55
Q

Ingression

A
56
Q

Delamination

A
57
Q

Epiboly

A
58
Q

Anterior-posterior (AP or anteroposterior) axis

A
59
Q

Dorsal-ventral (DV or dorsoventral) axis

A
60
Q

Right-left axis

A
61
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A
62
Q

Epithelial cells

A
63
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A
64
Q

Apoptosis

A
65
Q

Cell lineages

A
66
Q

Fate map

A
67
Q

Vital dyes

A
68
Q

Fluorescent dyes

A
69
Q

Chimeric embryos

A
70
Q

Neural crest

A
71
Q

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)

A
72
Q

Transgene

A
73
Q

Homologous

A
74
Q

Analogous

A
75
Q

Malformations

A
76
Q

Syndrome

A
77
Q

Disruptions

A
78
Q

Teratogens

A

Developmental Biology (1 decks)

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