Ch 1. Molecules & Enzymes

Question 1

hydrogen bonding takes place btw which elements

Answer 1

H, F, O, N

Question 2

hydrolysis

Answer 2

rxn where water is added to break apart a molecule

ex. breakdown of ATP for energy, digestion

Question 3

dehydration

Answer 3

reverse of hydrolysis

2 molecules combined

water formed as a byproduct

Question 4

lipid defining characteristics (3)

Answer 4

low solubility in water

high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents

nonpolar

Question 5

3 roles of lipids in organisms

Answer 5

energy storage

cellular organization/structure (membrane)

precursors to vitamins/hormones

Question 6

fatty acid structure

Answer 6

long carbon chains connected to a carboxylic acid

Question 7

fatty acid function

Answer 7

energy

building blocks of complex lipids

cell membrane

Question 8

triacylglyceride/triaclglycerol

Answer 8

3 fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol (3-C backbone)

Question 9

adipocyte

Answer 9

fat cell whose cytoplasm is almost entirely triacylglycerides

Question 10

phospholipid

Answer 10

lipid with a phosphate head group

most important are phosphoglycerides

Question 11

phosphoglyceride structure

Answer 11

2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a glycerol

Question 12

amphipathic

Answer 12

molecule with a polar and nonpolar end

Question 13

sphingolipid structure

Answer 13

long fatty acid chain and polar head group attached to a sphingosine

Question 14

steroid structure/functions

Answer 14

4 rings

hormones, vitamin D, cholesterol

Question 15

cholesterol purpose in membranes

Answer 15

maintaining fluidity and stability