Ch 1: Origins

Question 0

Hemisphere

Answer 0

Literally, half a sphere, referring to one side of the cerebrum

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

Major structure of the forebrain that consists of two virtually identical hemispheres (left and right) and is responsible for most conscious behavior

Question 2

Brainstem

Answer 2

Central structure of the brain responsible for most unconscious behavior

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

Major structure of the brainstem specialized in coordinating and learning skilled movement. In larger brained animals, cerebellum may have role in other mental processes

Question 4

Neuron

Answer 4

Specialized nerve cell engaged know information processing

Question 5

Spinal Cord

Answer 5

Part of the central nervous system encased by the vertebrae, that provides most of the connections between brain and body.

Question 6

Central Nervous System

Answer 6

The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior

Question 7

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 7

All the neurons in the body located outside the brain and spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to & from the central nervous system

Question 8

Embodied Language

Answer 8

Hypothesis that the movements we make and the movements we perceive in others are central for communication

Question 9

Psyche

Answer 9

Synonym for mind

Question 10

Mind

Answer 10

Proposed non material entity responsible for intelligence, attention, awareness, and consciousness

Question 11

Mentalism

Answer 11

Explanation of behavior as a function of the non material mind

Question 12

Dualism

Answer 12

Philosophical position that holds that the non material mind and material body contribute to behavior

Question 13

Mind-Body Problem

Answer 13

Quandary of explaining how the nonmaterial mind and material mind interact

Question 14

Materialism

Answer 14

Philosophical position that states that behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse the the mind

Question 15

Natural Selection

Answer 15

Darwin’s theory for explaining how new species evolve & how existing species change over time. Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms and their environment

Question 16

Species

Answer 16

Group of organisms that can interbreed

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Individual characteristics that can be seen or measured

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

Particular genetic makeup of an individual

Question 19

Epigenetics

Answer 19

Differences in gene expression related to the environment and experience

Question 20

Minimally Conscious State (MCS)

Answer 20

Condition in which an individual CNA display some rudimentary behaviors, such as smiling or uttering a few words, but otherwise is not conscious

Question 21

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 21

Would to the brain that results from a blow to the head

Question 22

Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

Answer 22

Condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate or function independently at the most basic level

Question 23

Clinical Trial

Answer 23

Consensual experiment directed toward developing a treatment

Question 24

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Answer 24

Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brains stimulate a targeted area with a low voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior

Question 25

Common Ancestor

Answer 25

Forebearer form which two or more lineages or family groups arise and so is ancestral to both groups

Question 26

Nerve Net

Answer 26

Simple nervous system that has no brain or spinal cord but consists of neurons that receive sensory info & connect directly to other neurons that move muscle

Question 27

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 27

Body plan in which organs or parts present on both sides of the body as mirror images in appearance

Question 28

Segmentation

Answer 28

Division in2 a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea how many animals, especially vertebrae, are composed of similar organized body segments.

Question 29

Ganglia

Answer 29

Group of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain

Question 30

Chordate

Answer 30

Animal that has both a brain and spinal cord

Question 31

Cladogram

Answer 31

Phylogenic tree that beaches repeatedly, that suggests a t