Ch. 1 to 11 ***FINAL*** Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
Is the participation of children with disabilities in settings with typically developing children.
A
Inclusiveness
2
Q
Which of the following statement regarding developmental delays is incorrect?A. Other than speech and language and Perryman, more preschools are served under the developmental delay category than any other.B. The presence of developmental delay is an indication that the process of development is significantly affected and that without special intervention, it is likely that educational performance at school age will be affected.C. It is unnecessary to provide intervention services for children with developmental delays because the delay is not severe enough to qualify the children for traditional categories.D. According to IDEA, states are mandated to develop guidelines to determine eligibility of children for services under the developmental delay category.
A
C. It is unnecessary to provide intervention services for children with developmental delays because the delay is not severe enough to qualify the children traditional categories.
3
Q
Enable delivery of services to young children with special needs in settings that are typical for other children at that age.
A
Natural environments
4
Q
Which of the following statements regarding early interventionist is incorrect?A. The role of the early interventionist encompasses great diversity and requires certain personal qualities, quick thinking, flexibility, scholarship, and an inner drive for accomplishment.B. Early interventionist must have a broad knowledge base and diverse skills.C. Early interventionist do not need to administer and interpret preschool test instruments.D. Early interventionist use available resources to better understand and meet the needs of children and their families.
A
C. Early interventionist do not need to administer and interpret preschool test instruments.
5
Q
What act and its subsequent amendments made available to schools large amounts of money with which to serve children 3-21 years of age who were educationally just disadvantaged and who are disabled?
A
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
6
Q
Which of the following regarding IEP and IFSP is incorrect?A. IFSP is equivalent to IEP but must consider the needs of the whole family relative to the child.B. Development of IEP and IFSP is a joint effort of school personnel and the parent. C. IEP and IFSP must be reviewed at least every six months.D. None of the above
A
C. IEP and IFSP must be reviewed at least every six months.
7
Q
Early intervention has focused on two major groups of children.
A
A. Those that exhibit developmental deficits as a result of environmental factors.B. Those that exhibit developmental deficits as a result of biological factors.
8
Q
The ethical arguments for early intervention encompasses the following issues including. A. Preventing the child from learning incompetence by promoting greater independence. B. Removing the continued burden to society by reducing the child long-term needs for intensive and expense resources.C. Changing the public attitudes towards individuals who are disabled by demonstrating the success of early intervention programs in decreasing their dependence on public support.D. All of the above
A
D. All of the above
9
Q
Which of the following statements about no Child left behind is not correct?A. Is intended to identify schools and districts that need improvement and to ensure that all schools have quality teachers.B. Requires schools to use evidence-based methodology and provide better information to principals and teachers.C. Requires that parents be provided more information about their child’s school performance.D. Provide more restrictions to schools on how to use federal education funds and certify teachers to ensure teacher quality.
A
D. Provide more restrictions to schools on how to use federal education funds and certify teachers to ensure teacher quality.
10
Q
Requires reasonable accommodations in school programs that receive federal funds
A
Section 504 of rehabilitation act of 1973
11
Q
Six Domains
A
Communication, Fine motor, gross motor, social emotional, cognitive, self-help
12
Q
ADA
A
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
13
Q
NCLB
A
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students.
14
Q
IDEA
A
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities.Infants and toddlers with disabilities (birth-2) and their families receive early intervention services under IDEA Part C. Children and youth (ages 3-21) receive special education and related services under IDEA Part B.
15
Q
Roles and responsibilities of Early interventionist
A
Quick thinking, flexibility diplomacy, scholarship, and an drive for accomplishment
16
Q
AutismDeaf-BlindnessDeafnessEmotional DisturbanceHearing ImpairmentIntellectual Disability*Multiple DisabilitiesOrthopedic ImpairmentOther Health ImpairmentsSpecific Learning DisabilitySpeech or Language ImpairmentTraumatic Brain InjuryVisual Impairment
A
Disability Categories :ADDEHIMOOSSITV
17
Q
In 2010 Public Law 111-256 changed the term mental retardation to __________ __________
A
Intellectual disability
18
Q
the addition of new components or skills through the appearance of new cells.
A
Growth
19
Q
the refinement, improvement, and expansion of existing skills through the refinement of cells already present.
A
Development
20
Q
Principles of Development
A
Progresses in a step-by-step fashion.Rates of development vary among children as well as among developmental areas in a single child.Development is characterized by increasing specificity of function (differentiation) as well as integration of these specific functions into a larger response pattern.Neurological development contributes significantly to the acquisition of physical skills in young children.
21
Q
Progresses in a step-by-step fashion.Rates of development vary among children as well as among developmental areas in a single child.Development is characterized by increasing specificity of function (differentiation) as well as integration of these specific functions into a larger response pattern.Neurological development contributes significantly to the acquisition of physical skills in young children.
A
Principles of Development
22
Q
The Time from conception to birth. The period may be divided into three stages. Germinal stage (Two weeks) embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks) fetal stage(continues until birth)
A
Prenatal development
23
Q
Prenatal development
A
The Time from conception to birth. The period may be divided into three stages. Germinal stage (Two weeks) embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks) fetal stage(continues until birth)
24
Q
Single cell created by the union of sperm and egg is zygote
A
Germinal Stage
25
Some of the cells of the blastocyst begin to clump on one side of the uterus to form the
Embryonic disk
26
Begins with the development of the first bone cell, which is produced from the cartilage of the developing skeleton at about 8 to 9 weeks
Fetal stage
27
Is a process by which myelin, a soft, white, fatty substance, coats and protects nerve cells
Myelinization
28
Maternal age and parity, paternal factors, maternal nutrition, exposure to toxins during pregnancy, substance use during pregnancy.
Factors affecting development
29
Used in social and behavioral research and practice to understand the workings of family life.
Family systems theory
30
Is the some of the part of a family, explaining the inputs, relationships, and outputs in the system.
Family systems theory
31
Microsystem, meso system, exosystem, macro system
Ecological Paradigm
32
Involves looking at a child's development within the layers of the contexts and relationships that form her or his environment
Ecological paradigm
33
Is a process of learning, honoring, and being respectful of differences in families, even if they are outside your level of familiarity
Cultural responsiveness
34
Informational support: information about the disability, services and resources, child development and intervention strategiesMaterial support: resources to meet basic needs, specialized equipment and adapting materials, financial supportEmotional support: building informal social networks, connecting families to parent groups, providing help-giving practices that foster independence on the part of the family
Family Support Framework
35
-Family interaction-parenting-emotional well-being-physical/Material well being-disability related support
Family quality-of-life
36
Recognizes the very significant role that the task (e.g., the goals of motor intervention) and the environment have on motor development.
Dynamic Systems Approach
37
it involves providing specific sensory input to the child, modifying the sensory environment to align with the abilities of the child, and using repetition and feedback in a motor learning approach.
Sensory Integration
38
It determines the postural stability, sensory processing, and movement patterns needed to meet movement needs, inhibits abnormal primitive reflex activity, and then uses guided or facilitated movement to promote active movement in the child.
Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)
39
models of intervention
-Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)- Sensory Integration-Dynamic Systems Approach
40
in a state of abnormally low muscle tone.
Hypotonia
41
Refers to a decreased tension and resistance to stretch the muscle. Occupational and physical therapist may use these terms to describe the same condition. Decrease tone, low tone, floppy
Hypotonia
42
Means increased resistance to passive stretch of a muscle or increased muscle tension or tone within the muscle
Spasticity
43
Impact of disability on gross motor development
Sociocultural factors: poverty, ethnicity (black African, black Caribbean, and Indian infants demonstrated significantly more advanced gross-motor skills than white infants), country of residence (WHO Multi center Growth Reference Study (2006) indicates infants in Ghana met milestones earlier than in other nations, and those in Norway met milestones later than in other countries)Prematurity: Premature infants do not exhibit physiological flexion and will often exhibit hypotonicity (low muscle tone)Institutionalized Children: The length of institutionalization was predictive of balance deficits and the degree of deprivation was associated with bilateral coordination problems.
44
Associated limitations in _______ _______ may include problems with sensation, cognition, communication, and perception, as well as possible behavior problems and seizure disorders.
Cerebral palsy
45
begin to walk on average about a year later than children who are developing in a more typical fashion.The gap between the age of acquisition of skills between children with ____ ______ and typical developing children becomes greater as motor complexity increases.Lack of trunk rotation, variability, and poor balance characterize the quality of movement in children with _______ _____.
Down Syndrome
46
Children with autism had greater joint mobility and abnormalities in gait, and onset of walking was reported to be 1.6 years later than for controls. A stiff and awkward gait with limited arm swing is characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorders.
Autism
47
is the use of assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain the meaningful activities, or occupations, of individuals, groups, or communities.
Occupational therapy
48
the treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise rather than by drugs or surgery.
physical therapy
49
Intervention that is individually designed and carried out by the therapist with one child or a group of children is referred to as
Direct therapy
50
When the motor specialist designs a service plan to meet a child's needs, another person such as a parent, teacher, classroom aids or physical or occupational therapist assistant will carryout the activities, the specialist remains responsible for the plan.
Supervised therapy
51
The motor specialist provides expertise to another person or program to address concerns identified by that person.
Consultation
52
Discuss the similarities and differences between an IEP and IFSP.
An individualized education plan (IEP) must be written for every child in special education. Development ofthe document is a joint effort of school personnel and the parent. IEP must be reviewed at least annually. The IEPfocuses on the educational needs of the child. An IEP is an education document for children ages 3 to 21. Describesservices provided in the least restrictive environments (LREs) and an explanation of the extent, if any, that the childwill not participate with typically developing children. Similarities = Both an IFSP and an IEP are designed toassist a child who is unable to perform at the same or similar levels as other children his or her age. Both an IFSPand an IEP compare where a child should be developmentally and/or academically. They also determine whatservices a child may need and what types of goals can be created to ensure that children are performing at theirhighest levels of ability. Children who are given an IFSP or IEP undergo a variety of assessments to determine if theyqualify for these services and what strategies need to be considered. Children must qualify for services through alicensed professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Parents and guardians are also a part of the IFSP andIEP processes. IFSP = IFSP focuses on the child and family and the services that a family needs to help themenhance the development of their child. An IFSP is much broader. It is used for children from infancy through age 2.Includes the natural environments where services will be provided. After the team determines a list of priorities andconcerns, the family determines which outcomes will be included on the IFSP.
53
What threebasic criteria must be met before change can be considered to be development?
The change must be orderly, the change must result in a consistent modification of behavior,change must contribute to a higher level of functioning in the individual.
54
What information would be important to gather form a woman who is planning tobecome pregnant? What information would be important to know about a man who isplanning to become a father?
- Diet, Drugs, liquids, medical history. If she takes any supplements that would provide her andthe baby with folic acids that she of the child wouldn’t usually get. Has her weight beenconsistent? Does she plan to breastfeed or not? The same would be gather from a manbecause his sperm could carry harmful substances to the egg.
55
In an era where everything seems to be family centered, what exactly does that mean?
The meaning of family-centered is when a child's main descisions are made by the parents oranyone in the family that is part of that child's life.
56
Why is important that services for young children with disabilities and their families arefamily center?
It is important that families be family-centered when their child has a disability. Professionalsthat focus just not on the individual child but the family as a whole, can better set goals,services, and anything else that the family needs. This overall will help with coping with thechild and their specific needs because the vast scheme is being considered. Also, familycenteredprofessionals can help the family with the five domains of quality of life. !Familyinteraction !Parenting !Emotional well-being !Physical/Material well-being !Disability-relatedsupport.
57
How do family centered early intervention services for infants andtoddlers differ from family centered services for preschoolers why?
Part C is infant-toddler services and Part B is preschool services. With this transition, familiesneed to learn about a whole new service system; with it comes new procedures, newpersonnel, new expectations, and a new natural environment for their child.
58
ffWhat are some ways you can gather information from Family about the Family system?How will use the information in providing family support?
One way that you can use to gather family information is to have them take a survey or youcould observe and gather information based off of the family size, the functions, and what theydo socially. This information would then be used to help them in the areas that they are lacking.For example, if during observation one finds that the family has poor social interaction. You canprovide suggestions or resources on where the family could go to get more involved.Community gardens, local churches, fundraising events.
59
Contrast Neuromaturational theories of motor development with dynamic systemstheory.
Dynamic Systems Approach recognizes the very significant role that the task and theenvironment have on motor development. The environment can be physical and culture. It isthe physical space of the classroom. Neturomaturatioal means postural reaction = midline.Reflex model, progress from primitive, Reflexive control to the voluntary control of movement.Hierarchical model, focuses on the role of the cerebral cortex on the development of theirown control of movement. Motor development progresses in a head-to-foot (cephalocaudal)direction; movement control occurs in a proximal-to-distal sequence. cephalocaudal = brain tofoot(Proximal to distal)
60
_________ refers to basic activities such as eating, dressing, toileting, bathing, grooming, sleeping, and functional mobility.
Self-care skills
61
Which of the following regarding self-feeding development is correct?A. Infant develops independent holding and drinking from the bottle with one hand beginning at 4-5 months?B. Finger feeding typically occurs by 9 to 12 months of age?C. Successful Spoon-feeding occurs by one year of age?D. Spreading butter with a knife should be accomplished between 2 and 3 years of age?
B. Finger feeding typically occurs by 9 to 12 months of age
62
When a finger is placed on an infants gum, the infant will open and close the mouth repetitively on the finger. This is a_______ action, called the ________.A. Reflexive, biting reflex?B. Voluntary, rooting reflex?C. Involuntary, tonic neck reflex?D. Involuntary, tongue thrust reflex?
A. Reflexive, biting reflex
63
In _______ approach, tasks are taught in a developmental sequence. A child’s chronological and developmental age are used as guidelines for progression of skills.A. SupportiveB. RemedialC neurodevelopmental treatmentD. Developmental
D. Developmental
64
Other terms used to address the same domain like self-care skills include:A. Self-helpB. Adaptive skillsC. Both A and BD. Neither A or B
C. Both A and B
65
Obtrusive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common occurrence in children with_______, with prevalence ranging between 31 and 100%.A. Cerebral palsyB. Down syndromeC autism spectrum disorderD. Sensory processing disorder‘s
B. Down syndrome
66
____Refers to movement of the tongue, jaw, lips, and cheeks needed for sucking, swallowing, munching, chewing, Spoon-feeding, and drinking from a bottle or cup.A. Oral motorB. self-helpC. Self adaptiveD. None of the above
A. Oral motor
67
Which of the following is not red flags suggestive of oral motor problems?A. Frequent drooling beyond the teething phase of 6-18 months.B. Tongue involuntarily and forcefully push his spoon out of the mouth on a consistent basis.C.Persists on baby food (strain, puréed, or mashed) beyond 12-15 months.D. Excessive liquid lost by six months of age when drinking from a cup held by a Care giver.
D. Excessive liquid lost by six months of age when drinking from a cup held by caregiver.
68
Which of the following statements regarding stages of typical eating development is correct?A. Infant should progress from eating chopped table food to meats and uncooked vegetables six months of age.B. Infant shouldn’t be introduced to hire textured foods until turning to one year old.C. By six months infant may be introduced to new food textures such as baby cereals, strain or puréed baby food, and soft crackers.D. Child should develop skills in drinking from a straw or cup by six months old.
A. Infant should progress from eating chopped table food to meats and uncooked vegetables by six months of age.NOT CORRECT, SOMEONE FIX!!!
69
___, Found in children with___Sarabel palsy he can cause restriction in oral movements open parenthesesdifficulty opening mouth) that interfere with heating. A. Hypotonia, spasticB. Hypertonia, spasticC. Hypertonia, diplegicHypotonia, quadriplegic
B. Hypertonia, spastics NOT CORRECT, SOMEONE FIX!!!
70
If a child is shown pictures of a dog, a wagon, a toothbrush, and a key, the child might formulate the image of a dog riding in the wagon with a toothbrush in one paw and a key in the other what strategy is this?A. RehearsalB. OrganizationC. ImageryD. Hypothesis testing
C. Imagery
71
Which of the following regarding the preoperational period Is incorrect?A. Preoperational children show contraption in thinking and they are unable to consider in multiple attributes simultaneously.B. Children in the preoperational period are often miss lead by their perceptions of the environment.C children in the preoperational period can view things from another perspective.D. A preoperational child does not see that all logical operations are reversible.
D. A preoperational child does not see that all logical operations are reversible
72
____Is the process through which the child realizes that events occur in the world in which he is not involved and has no control.
Decentration
73
____Refers to a child watches an action, stores the image of the action in memory, and then repeats it at a later time
Deferred imitation
74
Relating the sensory information to what we have accumulated from past experience is is called
Perception
75
_______ Viewed development as an unfolding of evermore complex skills as children modify their mental structures to deal with new experiences
Jean Piaget
76
According to the____theory, individuals with intellectual disabilities have a smaller than normal capacity to store information, and that the addition of new information requires the purging of old information
Limit buffered theory
77
Driving the____ period, mental operation goes through a transition from being exclusively overt and motoric to being partially internalized
Sensorimotor
78
According to the theory of disontongenensis, Children have two classes of defects, the____and____.
Organic impairments and distortions of higher psychological functions
79
In____, A child interprets new experiences only in terms of schemata that he already has
Accommodation
80
____Hold that there is a biological basis for language acquisition, and that all humans are prewired to learn language because of the existence of a language accusation device
Innatist theory
81
____Are words used for which the speaker has no experiential base
Verbalisms
82
___Are nonverbal means of communication such as gazing, crying, touching, and smiling
Perlocutionary acts
83
Which of the following assistive Technology devices can be used to facilitate individuals with difficulties and communication?A. Communication boardsB. Picture exchange communication systemC. Speech-to-speech telephone accessD. All of the above
D. All of the above
84
Which of the following statement regarding intellectual disabilities is correct? A. Intellectual disabilities appears to influence language learning, with a greater degree of severity accounting for greater problems with communication. B. Children with intellectual disabilities learn all the morphological components of language but do so at a slower rate. C. Intellectual disabilities accounts for more than 50% of all cases with speech delay. D. All of the above
D
85
What is the basic unit of pragmatics?
Speech art
86
Difficulty with___is a core feature of ASD
Social communication
87
Which theory holds that language is altered through a process of reinforcement?A. Linguistic TheoryB. Innatist TheoryC. Behavioral theoryD. Cognitive theory
C.Behavioral theory
88
The form of language is comprised of____,____,and____.
Phonology, morphology, and syntax
89
The____includes problems with pitch, such as when the voice register is too low or too high, and with loudness.
Voice disorders
90
_________ is the ability to perceive and express emotions, to understand and to use them, and to manage emotions so as to foster personal growth.
Emotional intelligence
91
Which of the following components are included in the Incredible Years: Dina Dinosaur's Social, Emotional and Problem Solving Curriculum? A. Language skillsB. Emotional literacyC. Bully preventionD. Turn taking
B. Emotional literacy
92
Which of the following show the characteristics of social, emotional development in children with autism? A. They show verbal and nonverbal communicationB. They pay attention to others emotional displaysC. They show less empathy or share emotionsD. They initiate social interaction and respond to peers
C. They show less empathy or shared emotions
93
What of the following is an example of emotional regulation?A. Children show emotion in reaction to an event that happens or in reaction to what other people do.B. Children express basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, pride, shame, or empathyC. Young children and her stand happy situations better then those that are negativeD. Preschoolers learn to use words to express anger rather than hitting or having a tantrum
D. Preschoolers learn to use words to express anger rather than hitting or having a tantrum
94
Which type of children is likely to receive a great deal of adult attention during the early years?
Easy child
95
Brown, Odom, McConnell, and Rathel (2008) outline an intervention hierarchy that classroom teachers can use to foster children's social relationships and friendship. Which of the following statement regarding this intervention hierarchy is incorrect? A. The hierarchy intervention consist of three levels, the class room wide interventions, naturalistic peer intervention, and explicit social skills intervention.B. The best level of the hierarchy is the classroom wide interventions and it is comprised of four componentsC. In the intermediate level of the hierarchy, teachers can use either social integration activities or body skills trainingD. For friendship activities, teachers take early child hood songs, games, and other activities and transform them into positive, supportive opportunities for social interaction
C. In the intermediate level of the hierarchy, teachers can use either social integration activities or body skills training
96
Children with __________ show high rates of hyperactivity, impulsivity, defiance, and noncompliance.
Externalizing behaviors
97
Which of the following statement regarding social learning theory is incorrect?A. The social learning theory emphasizes the role of environment in the development of personality and specific behaviorsB. Similar to the behavioral theory, the social learning theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement in maintaining or halting certain behaviorsC. The social learning theory goes beyond behavioral theory because social development occurs not only because children learn from their environment but because they affect their environmentD. According to the social learning theory, sound Models and situations that encourage the display of prosocial behaviors are those that facilitate the most normal social, emotional development.
B. Similar to the behavioral theory, the social learning theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement in maintaining or halting certain behaviors
98
By what age do boys generally engage in more conflict and in more verbally and physically aggressive acts than girls?
Preschool age
99
Which of the following regarding friendship is correct?A. Friendships are reciprocalB. The partners feels affection toward their friendC. friends are voluntaryD. All of the above
D. All of the above
100
Reflects a child's ability to manipulate and control objects and tools through control of the upper extremities and small muscle movements in the hands.
Fine-motor skills
101
When an object is placed in the palm of the month-old infant, then will close around the object in the___
Grasp reflex
102
Is the purposeful letting go of an object held within the hand
Release
103
Young children combined reach, grasp, and release to perform functional task, such as those involved in play, pre writing, and cutting with scissors.
Manipulation
104
The ability to use the hands together during functional tasks. Asymmetry is noted in an infant arm movement during the first few months of life.
Bilateral hand skills
105
A skilled early interventionist will note responses to sensory input and its effect on the child's overall ability to perform many fine motor tasks. Teachng those hand function skills should be adjusted accordingly on assessment of the faactors involved. Referral to an occupational or physical therapist trained in sensory intergration thearpy, which is a method of improving registration modulation, and adapation to sensory input, may be appropriate to provide a more skilled intervention aimed at adddressing particular sensory processing diffculties.
Sensory Processing Intervention
106
theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence.
Jean Piaget
107
main assertion was that children are entrenched in different sociocultural contexts and their cognitive development is advanced through social interaction with more skilled individuals. The ________ theory of cognitive development is mainly concerned with the more complex cognitive activities of children that are governed and influenced by several principles.
Vygotsky’s
108
is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.
Behavioral Theory
109
is a hands-on treatment approach used by physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists.________ was developed to enhance the function of adults and children who have difficulty controlling movement as a result of neurological challenges, such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and head injury. This therapy uses guided or facilitated movements as a treatment strategy to ensure correlation of input from tactile, vestibular, and somatosensory receptors within the body.
neurodevelopmental treatment
110
is a theory that describes (1) how the neurological process of processing and integrating sensory information from the body and the environment contribute to emotional regulation, learning, behavior, and participation in daily life
Sensory Integration (ASI)
111
Humans are constantly growing, shifting, developing and transforming. This process begins at conception. The development approachis described in terms of a series of crises through which the individual grows and evolves.
Developmental Approach.
112
is a method of conducting a language assessment which seeks to identify the skills that an individual child possesses as well as their learning potential. The _____________procedure emphasizes the learning process and accounts for the amount and nature of examiner investment. It is highly interactive and process-oriented.
dynamic assessment
113
is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression. _______ is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension.
Fluency
114
(phonetics), the movement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs to make speech sounds. Manner of__________, how speech organs involved in making a sound make contact.
Articulation
115
are medical conditions involving abnormal pitch, loudness or quality of the sound produced by the larynx and thereby affecting speech production.
Voice disorders
116
s a split or opening in the roof of the mouth. A _________can involve the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth), and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth).
cleft palate
117
includes all forms of communication (other than oral speech) that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
118
connections that are not used, dissapear.
Pruning
119
____________in brain development are of great interest in the psychology of early experience. It is well established that the human brain is capable of adapting to different inputs and experiences. Still, there are constraints on plasticity, often described in terms of sensitive or critical periods.
Sensitive periods
120
The abailty to use meaningful information to make descisions and solve problems
Logical Thought
121
information from past experiences
Perception
122
Which of the following is included in the stages of the assessment process?A. Comprehensive evaluationB. Program planning and implementation.C. ScreeningD. All of the above
D. All of the above
123
One standard of the assessment process,_______, refers to the perceived value, acceptability, and the appropriateness of the assessment.
Social validity
124
_______ refers to the multicultural nature of our society and means that any assessment must be equally fair to all children
Nondiscriminatory assessment
125
Which of the following statement regarding team models is incorrect?A. The number and type of professionals involved in multi disciplinary and interdisciplinary assessment maybe very similar and disciplines typically conduct individual evaluations.B. In a multidisciplinary evaluation, each discipline conducts an assessment interdependent of the others.C. On the interdisciplinary team, all the members are from different disciplines, they collaborate and communicate for a more integrated process.D. An assessment approach often associated with the interdisciplinary team is Arena assessment.
D. An assessment approach often associated with the interdisciplinary team is Arena assessment.
126
In________ of response to intervention(RTI) students who do not demonstrate adequate gains in response to the Universal instructional practices are provided with more intense and targeted intervention.
B. Tier 2
127
Which of the following statement regarding portfolio-based assessment is incorrect?A. In portfolio assessment the teacher collects used samples of student test results and uses these to monitor student progress.B although the portfolio assessment aims to identify areas for improvement in a child's performance, the main focus is on the child's capabilities and strength.C. The portfolio assessment provides a better representation of a childs skills and emphasis a child's individual achievement rather than how she or he compares to peers.D. Portfolio assessment provides documentation of the child's work overtime and can include journal writing and other artifacts.
A. In portfolio assessment the teacher collects used samples of student test results and uses these to monitor student progress.
128
When a screening decision suggest that a child may be at risk for a medical or developmental problems, and a child indeed needs special services, then an accurate referral has been made. This is referred to as______
Sensitivity
129
Which assessment examines factors within a child's life that may contribute to developmental status, including the family, home, and classroom characteristics.A. Dynamic assessmentB. Product-orientated assessmentC. Indirect assessmentD. ecological assessment
D. ecological assessment
130
____ places the primary emphasis on how one child compares with other children of the same chronological age.A. Formal assessmentB. Criterion-referenced assessmentC. curriculum-based assessmentD. Normative referenced assessment
D. Normative referenced assessment
131
Children show emotion in reaction to an event that happens or in reaction to what other people do.
Emotional expression
132
As infants and toddlers become preschoolers, Their cognitive and language abilities mature and they become better equipped to understand Their own emotions and those of others.
Emotional understanding
133
Is necessary when the presence or absence of emotional expression and experience interfere with a person's goals.
Emotional regulation
134
Is a special social relationship that is reciprocal, affectionate, and voluntary.
Friendship
135
Children's attachment to their caregivers not only explains that primary relationship, but it also explains children relationships with their peers.
Attachment theory
136
Allows people to live and work well with others
Emotional intelligence
137
Is viewed as a child's range of experiences from which the child develops her for his personality and learns appropriate behaviors.
Social learning theory
138
It Is often used in the elementary school years to look at children with specific learning disabilities. It is being examined for use at the preschool level
(RtI) response to intervention
139
Refers to the usefulness of the scale and its findings for intervention planning
Treatment utility
140
Refers to the value and appropriateness of an assessment
Social validity
141
Refers to the process wherein information is obtained from multiple sources
Convergent assessment
142
Refers to the collaboration of team members to create an assessment plan
Consensual validity
143
Does the test address the theoretical constructs on which it is based?
Construct validity
144
Early intervention-Child fine, public awareness, screening test. Comprehensive evaluation- clarify questions and concerns, generate a hypothesis, synthesize the information, determine the nature and extent, providing clear link.
Stages of assessment
145
Team consists of professionals from various disciplines who conduct independent assessments
The multidisciplinary team
146
Members are from different disciplines, they collaborate and communicate for a more integrated process
Interdisciplinary team
147
Members commit to teaching, learning, and working across disciplinary boundaries to plan and provide integrated services
Transdisciplinary team
148
The primary strategy for data collection involves the use of standardized tests, which are selected by the examiner with a specific purpose in mind and specific assessment plan that is set to action
Formal/informal assessment
149
Compare is a child's performance with that of age-level peers
Normative assessment
150
Can help identify a specific task a child can and cannot do as opposed to comparing the child to her or his peers
Criterion-referenced assessment
151
Identify skills, tasks, and behaviors that are important with a particular curriculum
Curriculum-based assessment
152
Examiners adhere to a fixed set of specific guidelines regarding test content, the manner in which to administer task, scoring criteria and interpretation of test scores
Standardized assessment
153
Refers to how examiners for early intervention teams collect information about a child
Direct/indirect process
154
Observational data are critical to all assessment processes. Strategies require that information be collected of any child's natural environment under routine circumstances.
Naturalistic/clinical observations
155
Techniques comprise another class of naturalistic observation strategies examine factors within a child's life that mean contribute to develop mental status, including the family, home, and classroom characteristics.
Ecological assessment
156
A product oriented data gathering strategy generally involves obtaining a child's performance level on a battery of tests and procedures to establish initial development or instructional levels for programming.
Product/process-oriented assessment
157
This approach employs mediated learning experiences to gain information about child's abilities and learning styles. Using a test-intervene-Retest design, the teacher uses activities from a child's actual curriculum
Dynamic Assessment.
158
Provides documentation of a child's work overtime and can include artwork, journal writing, audiotapes , photos, and other artifacts
Portfolio-based assessment
159
Elements of a__________include a description of the family resources, priorities, and concerns.
IFSP
160
Which of the falling statement regarding IFSP and IEP goals is correct? A. The ISS P and IEP goals are identical. B. Both the IFSP and IEP goals should be embedded in the academic activities with in a child’s natural environmentC. The fundamental difference between IFSP and IEP goals is that goals written for that IFSP include Family as well as child centered outcomes.D. Contray to IEP goals, IFSP goals must reflect the priorities and concerns of the family.
C. The fundamental difference between IFSP and IEP goals is that goals written for that IFSP include Family as well as child centered outcomes.
161
Which of the following is the barrier to effective family involvement? A. System barriers B. Professional barriers C. Knowledge Barriers D. All of the above
D. All of the above
162
To avoid having services provided to a child in a piecemeal fashion or in isolation, the critical task of implementing professional recommendations and treatment must be coordinated by single person to be known as the
Service Cordinator
163
Who should be included in the IEP/IFSP writing?A. teacher B. Service Cordinator C. Grandparents D. All of the above
D. All of the above
164
_______, occurring throughout program development and implementation, is to monitor the progress of the family and child and to provide feedback to the family and interventionist on a regular basis.
Formative evaluation
165
With the______technique, children without diverseabilities are brought into the special evaluation classroom or therapy session or varying amounts of time
Reverse mainstream
166
And IEP or IFSP should be written within____ days of the child being referred for services
45
167
In the_____ the teacher uses naturally occurring opportunities to facilitate language use
Incidental teaching model
168
Settings are specialized Settings specifically designed to provide educational or therapeutic services to children with special needs
Self-contained
169
Refers to the educational placement most like that of typically developing children of the same age as the child with special needs
Least restrictive environment
170
Goal of early intervention and special education is to enable children with special needs to participate fully in all the settings and environments enjoyed by those without special needs
Inclusion
171
Is a functional approach to instruction back capitalizes on the use of naturally occurring activities as teachable opportunities
Activity-based approach
172
Emphasized the role of the environment in shaping the development of a young child. Within such models, the roles of family, community, and the greater society are considered
Contextual model
173
These models are based on the structured principles of behavioral psychology. Unlike development models, behavier models demphasize the internal motivations of the individual. Instead, specific target behaviors are identified and taught using reinforcement, shaping, and modeling.
Behavioral models
174
Emphasize a child's biological makeup and maturation and are based largely on the theories of Piaget, Dewey, and Erickson.
Developmental model
175
Nicotine poisoning can potentially be deadly, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. ... More recent cases of poisoning typically appear to be in the form of Green Tobacco Sickness, or due to unintended ingestion of tobacco or tobacco products or consumption of nicotine-containing plants.
Fatal Tobacco Syndrome
