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Ch. 10 Sensory > CH. 10 > Flashcards

CH. 10 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

What is a mechanoreceptor?

A

Stimulus responding to pressure or touch

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2
Q

What is a thermoreceptor?

A

Respond to cold/warmth

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3
Q

What is a chemoreceptor?

A

Binding of particular chemicals

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4
Q

What is a nociceptor?

A

Respond to painful stimuli

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5
Q

What is a photoreceptor?

A

Responds to light

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6
Q

What does transduction involve?

A

Opening of ion channels

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7
Q

Define adaption

A

Slow sensory responsiveness during maintained or constant stimulation

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of adaption receptors?

A

Phasic(fast adapting) & Tonic (slow adapting)

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9
Q

Explain what is a receptor’s potential

A

Graded potential in sensory receptor in response in environmental stimulus

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10
Q

How is action potential generated?

A

When depolarization enters the axon reaching the threshold, ion channels open

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11
Q

What is the normal threshold(voltage) range?

A

50-55mV

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12
Q

Explain tonic receptors

A

They are slow to adapt to a change in the stimulus. Most known for pain sensation, muscle/joint movement, and maintaining posture.

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13
Q

Explain phasic receptors

A

They stimulate quickly and fire at ease.

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14
Q

T/F Tonic receptors have persistent (continious) action potential

A

True

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15
Q

T/F Phasic receptors respond briefly before adapting to constant stimulus

A

True

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16
Q

What are some examples of proprioception?

A

Touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of chemoreceptors?

A

Olfaction (smell), gustation (taste)

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18
Q

What are the bumps on your tongue?

A

Lingual papillae; has many taste buds

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19
Q

Salty

A

Na+ through ion channels

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20
Q

Sour

A

H+ through ion channels

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21
Q

Sweet and umami

A

Bind to membrane receptor for sweet and umai

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22
Q

Bitter

A

Binds to membrane receptor

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23
Q

Where do odorants bind to?

A

Membrane protein

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24
Q

Describe the pathways of an odorant traveling through your nose

A

Odorants bind to membrane protein < membrane protein is located at the cilia of the dendrites < olfactory neurons

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25
Where do olfactory sensory receptors synapse?
Olfactory bulb of brain
26
Olfactory tract
Grouping of axons; carries afferent infomation
27
T/F olfactory neurons are bipolar
True
28
What section of the ear is the vestibular system?
Inner ear
29
What are the 2 otolith organs?
Saccule and urticle
30
What is the primary function of otolith organs?
To sense linear acceleration in respect to gravity
31
What are the 3 semicircular canals?
Anterior, Posterior, and Lateral
32
What is the primary function of the semicircular canals?
Angular acceleration
33
What is the primary function of the vestibular system?
To detect movement and motion
34
Bending of hair cells is found in?
Otolith organs
35
Efferent activity is found in
semicircular canals
36
What happens when the head is tilted forward?
Hair cells bend, stimulating sensory neurons
37
What does sound result in?
Vibration of solid, liquid, and gas moleues
38
Sound waves
Zones of atmospheric rarefaction and compression. It is eventually transduced into action potentials
39
Frequency
Number of cycles per second of the sound wave, determines pitch
40
Intensity
amplitude of sound waves, determines loudness
41
What are the 2 areas that focus on sound waves in the tympanic membrane?
Pinna and auditory meatus (canal)
42
During sound waves what are the 3 areas that rock?
malleus, stapes, and incus
43
Where is the attachment of the stapes?
Window of the cochlea
44
The organ of Corti is comprised of what
Hair cells, basilar membrane, and tectorial membrane
45
Organ of Corti
Where auditory transduction occurs in the cochlea
46
What causes depolarization in the organ of corti?
Ripples in the cochlear fluid cause the rasping of the tectorial membrane to bend the hair cells
47
A low pitch sound of 500Hz would be found where?
Apical (at the top) of the cochlea
48
A high pitch sound of 2000Hz would be found where?
Basal (at the bottom) of the cochlea
49
Tonotopic
Arranged by frequency
49
Tonotopic
Arranged by frequency
50
How are wavelengths measured?
Nanometers (nm)
51
What is the visible spectrum range?
400-700 nm
52
What are the colors for the wavelength at 400, 550, and 700?
400-blue, 550-green, and 700-red
53
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
Fibrous tunic, choroid, and retina
54
Fibrous tunic
outer connective layer
55
What are the two terms in the fibrous tunic?
Sclera and cornea
56
This function is white and is the attachment of the muscle that moves the eye
sclera
57
This function is anterior (front) to the sclera. Light is transmission through here
cornea
58
What is the 4 terminology for the choroid?
Pupil, iris, uvea, ciliary muscle
59
This is the anterior opening for light entry into the eye. Also know as the black circle of the eye
pupil
60
This function is known for pupil dilation and constriction
Iris
61
Uvea
blood vessels
62
This function changes lens shape to focus on the image on the retina
Ciliary muscle
63
Where is the location of the retina?
Posterior of eye; extension of brain
64
What are the 2 types of photoreceptors?
Rods and cones
65
In relation to the eye, where does the visual transduction occur?
Retina
66
T/F images formed on the retina are upside down and are only a small fraction of the object's actual size
True
67
What are the two functions of the ciliary muscle? (accommodation)
If something is far the muscles will relax, if something is close the muscles will contract
68
What do the ciliary muscles compromise?
Zonular fibers
69
Emmetropia (normal vision)
Ray's focus on retina
70
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Ray's focus behind retina
71
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Ray's focus in front of retina
72
Astigmatism
Ray's do not focus
73
Prior to transduction by the rods and cones, what happens?
Light penetration passes the ganglion, bipolar and other cells
74
What are the 3 types of cones?
S-blue, M-green, L-red
75
Rods
Act in dim light; most sensitive photoreceptors; black and white vision
76
Which photoreceptors have a higher resolution?
cones

Ch. 10 Sensory (1 decks)

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