Ch 10-13

Question 1

What is Motivation?

Answer 1

The force that makes people behave, think or feel the way they do.

Question 2

What are the theories of Motivation?

Answer 2

1) Drive-Reduction Theory

2) Optimal Arousal Theory

Question 3

Explain the Drive-Reduction theory?

Answer 3

There are 2 elements; a drive and a need. As a drive gets stronger, we are motivated to reduce it. It is not comprehensive because people often increase than reduce the drive.

Question 4

Define Drive

Answer 4

An aroused state of tension caused by a physiological need. A drive is a psychological need.

Question 5

Define a Need

Answer 5

It is the deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the underlying drive

Question 6

Explain the Optimal Arousal Theory

Answer 6

There is a certain level of arousal that is ideal for a person to attain their goals. Motivation influences arousal levels.

Question 7

State the Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 7

Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than high or low arousal.
High arousal – Anxious (not concentrated)
Low Arousal – Lethargic (tired).

Question 8

Define Overlearning

Answer 8

Learning to perform a task so well it becomes automatic

Question 9

What 3 substances play a role in hunger, eating and satiety (state of feeling full)?

Answer 9

1) Glucose
2) Insulin
3) Leptin

Question 10

State the importance of Glucose

Answer 10

The brain depends on sugar for energy. The sugar receptors in the brain trigger hunger when sugar levels are too low, the other receptor in the liver stores excess sugar and releases it when needed.

Question 11

State the importance of insulin

Answer 11

Insulin is a hormone that controls glucose levels. It increases when eating then gradually decreases.

Question 12

State the importance of Leptin

Answer 12

Leptin is made by fat cells, it decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure/metabolism. Almost like an anti-obesity hormone.

Question 13

What is the relationship between leptin and insulin?

Answer 13

Insulin increases the production of leptin, leptin reduces insulin release.

Question 14

What is the role of the lateral hypothalamus when eating?

Answer 14

Stimulates eating

Question 15

What is the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in eating?

Answer 15

It reduces hunger ad restricts eating.

Question 16

How does Leptin influence eating?

Answer 16

By inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.

Question 17

List some risks of obesity.

Answer 17

1. Heart disease
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. High BP
4. Neurodegeneration
5. Cancer

Question 18

Is Obesity inherited?

Answer 18

Yes, as it is a genetic mutation where cells cannot produce leptin.

Question 19

What is a set point?

Answer 19

Where weight is maintained when the individual makes no effort to lose or gain weight. It is determined by the adipose cells (fat cells) stored in the body.

Question 20

What are restrained eaters?

Answer 20

People who go on diets and are at a high risk of getting an eating disorder.

Question 21

What is restrained eating?

Answer 21

Where people deliberately restrict food intake to lose weight and they stop eating high-calorie foods.

Question 22

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 22

It is the goal of becoming extremely thin through starvation, there is an intense fear of gaining weight. They have a distorted body image (never being thin enough).

Question 23

What are the consequences of Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 23

Thinning of bones and hair, low blood pressure, severe constipation, damage to heart and thyroid.