CH 10

Question 1

Historically, there have been periods of time that more women were incarcerated than men. True/False

Answer 1

False - There has never been a period when female inmates outnumbered their male counterparts.

Question 2

What was the first correctional facility to house female prisoners in a separate wing?

Answer 2

New York Newgate Prison - This facility was located in Greenwich Village. New York Newgate Prison was the first correctional facility to house female prisoners in a separate wing.

Question 3

The first prison in the United States for women was ______.

Answer 3

Mount Pleasant was the first correctional facility built for women. It was behind Sing Sing. This facility was built in 1839.

Question 4

The first prisons had a surplus of female matrons available to supervise the female inmates. True/False

Answer 4

a. False - There were very few female matrons in early prisons to supervise and protect the female inmates from male inmates.

Question 5

the purpose of the houses of refuge was to ______.

Answer 5

To remove impressionable youth from associating with hardened adult prisoners - The idea behind houses of refuge was to use institutions to solve problems. This type of facility was also popular in Holland.

Question 6

What prompted the construction of the first women’s prison?

Answer 6

After a pregnant inmate died from abuse, the first women’s prison was built. An inmate who was 5 months pregnant received a lashing and later died.

Question 7

The number of women and girls under correctional supervision has ______.

Answer 7

The number of females in jails, prisons, and on probation has grown exponentially over the past few decades. The get tough on crime policies of the 1980s and 1990s affected women and girls.

Question 8

The largest growth in female correctional populations has been in probation. True/False

Answer 8

True - In 2016, women made up one quarter of probationers

Question 9

There are more male probation officers than female probation officers in the United States. True/False

Answer 9

False - In 2018, approximately 57% of probation officers were women

Question 10

What does the term “double deviant” refer to

Answer 10

Females who commit crimes are also violating societal roles. Females who commit crimes are also considered deviants regarding societal male and female role expectations.

Question 11

______ involves attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that value males over females.

Answer 11

a. Patriarchy - Patriarchal societies believe that men and boys have more value than women and girls

Question 12

In comparison to male inmates, women under correctional supervision are ______.

Answer 12

Many women under correctional supervision have past histories of trauma. Women under correctional supervision are more likely than their male counterparts to have mental health issues. Women under correctional supervision have different needs than men do.

Question 13

The majority of incarcerated women have custody of their children. True/False

Answer 13

True - About 70% of women have custody over their kids at the time they go to prison. Incarceration impacts not only those in prison but also their families.

Question 14

Most women and girls have plentiful access to treatment and programming in prison. True/False

Answer 14

False - Most female inmates do not have adequate access to programming and treatment. Most of the programming has been devoted to male inmates and their needs.

Question 15

One of the main reasons separating male and female inmates became the norm was that female inmates were ______.

Answer 15

Being sexually abused by male officers and inmates. Women and girls were the targets of sexual abuse by correctional staff and male inmates. Female staff were also hired to supervise the female inmates.

Question 16

Women in prison often ______ to meet their needs for companionship, love, and sexual gratification

Answer 16

Women form pseudo-families to mimic the relationships they had in the free world.

Question 17

What allowed women to sue for the ability to work and be paid and promoted in all types of correctional facilities?

Answer 17

The Civil Rights Act, which was passed in 1964 and amended in 1972, allowed women to sue for the right to work and be paid and promoted in correctional facilities.

Question 18

The courts have sided with the right to equal protection of female employees over male inmates’ right to privacy. True/False

Answer 18

True - The courts often determine that the protection of female employees is more important than the privacy of male inmates

Question 19

The Supreme Court has ruled that females cannot be excluded from any work in the corrections field, regardless of the circumstances. True/False

Answer 19

False - The Supreme Court has ruled that women can be excluded from work in a male prison, but only if there is a bona fide job requirement that women could not fulfill the work.

Question 20

What type of harassment involves “something for something?”

Answer 20

quid pro quo - This type of harassment usually occurs with male bosses and female employees.

Question 21

______ harassment refers to a workplace that is sexualized in ways that are offensive to one gender.

Answer 21

Hostile environment - Hostile environment harassment refers to a workplace that is sexualized in ways that are offensive to one gender. This type of harassment can accumulate and become traumatizing.

Question 22

According to the “hummingbird” punishment, offenders ______.

Answer 22

offenders sat naked and blindfolded in a tub of water while electric current was applied to the body. The “hummingbird” punishment was used in Ohio, and it involved offenders sitting naked and blindfolded in a tub of water while electric current was applied to the body.

Question 23

Feminists have pushed for better programming for females under correctional supervision. True/False

Answer 23

True - Feminists have pushed for better programming for females under correctional supervision. They have also been instrumental in helping to reduce the incarceration of girls for status offenses and increase awareness of the sexual abuse of incarcerated females.

Question 24

Which case involved a judge and a few correctional officers who sexually abused female jail inmates?

Answer 24

Salazar et al. v. City of Espanola et al. The case was Salazar et al. v. City of Espanola et al. (2004). The judge was convicted of rape in this million-dollar lawsuit.

Question 25

Which case alleged over two decades of sexual abuse of female inmates in prisons?

Answer 25

The case was Tracy Neal v. Michigan Department of Corrections. The settlement was $100 million, and the plaintiffs were awarded $30 million.

Question 26

It is often more difficult to visit female inmates than male inmates. True/False

Answer 26

True - It is often more difficult visiting female inmates because there is usually only one female prison in each state. This makes it more challenging for visitors to get there.