Ch. 10/14 documentation & infection control

Question 1

What are the 6 links to chain of infection?

Answer 1

Agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Question 2

What is leading cause of death and complications in healthcare setting?

Answer 2

Healthcare-acquired infections (nosocomial)

Question 3

What are the risk factors for HAIs?

Answer 3

Invasive procedures, long hospitalization, contact with personnel

Question 4

Who is at risk for obtaining a HAI?

Answer 4

invasive procedure devices
Immune-compromised
underlying medical condition
treatment with multiple antibiotics (on antibiotics for long period of time)

Question 5

What does asepsis mean?

Answer 5

Absence of disease producing microorganisms

Question 6

What is aseptic technique?

Answer 6

The methods used to keep patients free from exposure to infection causing organisms. Medical asepsis is clean technique, surgical asepsis is sterile technique

Question 7

All patients are under standard precautions, t or f?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What does MRSA stand for?

Answer 8

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

Question 9

What does VRE stand for?

Answer 9

Vancomycin resistant enterococcus

Question 10

What is c diff?

Answer 10

Clostridium difficile

Causes diarrhea and can live on surfaces for 78 days makes endospores!!

Question 11

What are the multi-drug resistant organisms?

Answer 11

MRSA, VRE, c diff

Question 12

What disease would require airborne precautions?

Answer 12

Diphtheria

Question 13

What disease would require droplet precautions?

Answer 13

Rubella, draining wounds, diarrhea, c diff, TB

Question 14

If a patient has TB and on droplet precautions, what kind of mask and what else should be used for precautions?

Answer 14

Particulate filtration mask, gowns, negative air private room

Question 15

What is an outcome for a patient with 3 cm diameter wound?

Answer 15

Reduce wound diameter by 1 cm in 2 days, wound will be free of infection, edema, and drainage

Question 16

What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.

Control or eliminate reservoir

Answer 16

Remove sources of bodily fluids, soiled dressings, discard contaminated disposable articles

Question 17

What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.

Control or eliminate the infectious agent

Answer 17

Clean, disinfect, and sterilize contaminated objects

Question 18

What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.

Control the portals of exit

Answer 18

Avoid talking, sneezing, or coughing over wounds, teach patient to protect others, handle bodily fluids carefully

Question 19

What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.

Control transmission

Answer 19

Disinfect equipment, don’t shake linens, perform hand hygiene

Question 20

What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.

Control susceptibility of host

Answer 20

Adequate nutrition, fluids, and good personal hygiene

Question 21

What gets taken off last after PPE worn in isolation room?

Answer 21

Mask

Question 22

What gets taken off first after leaving isolation room?

Answer 22

Gloves

Question 23

What would the WBC expected results be for someone who has an acute infection?

Answer 23

Elevated

Normal range 5,000-10,000

Question 24

What would the WBC expected results be for someone who has an overwhelming infection or certain viral infections?

Answer 24

Decreased

Normal range 5,000-10,000

Question 25

What is normal range of WBC?

Answer 25

5,000-10,000

Question 26

What would be the expected results of erythrocyte sedimentation rate for a patient experiencing the inflammatory process?

Answer 26

Elevated Normal range: up to 15 mm/hr for men and 20 for women

Question 27

What would the expected iron level be for a patient with a chronic infection?

Answer 27

Decreased Normal range 80-180 for men and 60-180 for women

Question 28

What is the normal iron level?

Answer 28

80-180 for men and 60-180 for women

Question 29

Would blood cultures be sterile for a patient with infection?

Answer 29

No, they would show microorganism growth, normally blood would be sterile without microorganism growth

Question 30

Would basophils be normal during infection?

Answer 30

Yes!

Question 31

What would be increased during parasitic infection?

Answer 31

Eosinophils

Question 32

What would be increased during a protozoal, rickettsial, and TB infections?

Answer 32

Monocytes Normal 2-8%

Question 33

Would you expect lymphocytes to be increased during a chronic bacterial or viral infection?

Answer 33

Yes Normal 20-40%

Question 34

Would would the expected results be for lymphocytes for a septic patient?

Answer 34

Decreased Normal 20-40%

Question 35

What would the expected neutrophil results be for a patient with an acute infection?

Answer 35

Increased Normal 55-70%

Question 36

What are expected neutrophil results for older adult with an overwhelming bacterial infection?

Answer 36

Decreased Normal 55-70%

Question 37

What PPE is used for patients on contact precautions?

Answer 37

Gown and gloves

Question 38

What do you check every time you enter a patients room for care?

Answer 38

Arm band, ask patients name and DOB

Question 39

What is purpose of records?

Answer 39

``` Communication Reimbursement Research Legal documentation Education Quality process and performance improvement ```

Question 40

What is number one thing we can do to control infection?

Answer 40

Perform hand hygiene!

Question 41

When is body temperature lowest?

Answer 41

Early morning

Question 42

When does body temp peak?

Answer 42

Late afternoon and gradually decline during the night

Question 43

When is fever most accurately identified?

Answer 43

Between 5-7 pm

Question 44

What is the WBC in a non pregnant adult that suggests infection and what can it lead to?

Answer 44

12,000 hyperthermia