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AP Psych > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

Personality (55 cards)

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1
Q

Personality

A

Psychological qualities that bring
continuity to an individual’s behavior in
different situations and at different times

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2
Q

What Forces Shape Our
Personalities?

A

According to the
psychodynamic, humanistic
and cognitive theories,
personality is a continuously
changing process, shaped by
our internal needs and
cognitions and by external
pressures from the social
environment

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3
Q

Psychodynamic Theories/ Psychoanalysis–

A

Psychoanalysis–
Freud’s system of treatment for mental
disorders

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic theory –

A

Freud’s theory of personality

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5
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Unconscious –

A

Psychic domain of which the individual is
not aware, but which is the storehouse of
repressed impulses, drives, and conflicts
that are unavailable to consciousness

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6
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Drives and instincts/ EROS

A

Drives people toward
acts that are sexual,
life-giving, and
creative

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7
Q

LIBIDO

A

Drives people to
experience sensual
pleasure

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8
Q

THANATOS

A

Drives people toward
aggressive and
destructive behaviors

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9
Q

Freud’s Model of the Mind

A

Conscious level
Ego
superego——–preconscious level
ID ——-Unconscious level

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10
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Personality structure- ID

A

Primitive, unconscious
portion of personality,
houses most basic
drives and stores
repressed memories

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11
Q

Superego

A

Mind’s storehouse of
values, moral attitudes
learned from parents
and society, same as
common notion of
conscience

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12
Q

Ego

A

Conscious, rational
part of personality,
charged with keeping
peace between
superego and id

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13
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Psychosexual stages –

A

Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency, genital stage

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14
Q

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory/ Fixation-

A

Occurs when psychosexual development
is arrested at an immature stage

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15
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Oedipus complex

A

According to Freud, a largely
unconscious process whereby boys
displace an erotic attraction toward their
mother to females of their
own age and, at the same
time, identify with their
fathers

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16
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Identification –

A

The mental process by which an
individual tries to become like another
person, especially the
same-sex parent

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17
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Penis envy–

A

According to Freud, the female desire to
have a penis– a condition that usually
results in their attraction
to males

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18
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Ego defense mechanisms –

A

Largely unconscious mental strategies
employed to reduce the experience of
conflict or anxiety

Repression

Projection

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19
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Projective tests –

A

Personality assessment instruments
based on Freud’s concept of projection

Rorschach inkblot technique

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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20
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory/ Psychic determinism –

A

Freud’s assumption that all mental and
behavioral reactions are caused by
unconscious traumas desires or conflicts

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21
Q

Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious/ Personal unconscious –

A

Portion of the unconscious corresponding
roughly to Freud’s id

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22
Q

Collective unconscious –

A

Jung’s addition to the unconscious,
involving a reservoir for instinctive
“memories” including the archetypes,
which exist in all people

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23
Q

Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious/ Archetypes/ Animus-

Study These Flashcards
A

The male archetype

24
Q

Anima

Study These Flashcards
A

The female archetype

25
Shadow
Archetype representing the destructive and aggressive tendencies we don’t want to recognize in ourselves
26
Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious/ Introversion
The Jungian dimension that focuses on inner experience–one’s own thoughts and feelings, making the introvert less outgoing and sociable than the extrovert
27
Extraversion –
The Jungian personality dimension involving turning one’s attention outward, toward others
28
Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious
Jung’s principle of opposites portrays each personality as a balance between opposing pairs of unconscious tendencies, such as introversion and extroversion
29
Karen Horney: A Feminist Voice in Psychodynamic Psychology Basic anxiety-
An emotion that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness on a hostile world and can lead to maladjustment
30
Neurotic needs –
Signs of neurosis in Horney’s theory, these ten needs are normal desires carried to a neurotic extreme
31
Alfred Adler/ An early split from Psychoanalysis/ Inferiority complex –
A feeling of inferiority that is largely unconscious, with it roots in childhood
32
Compensation –
Making up for one’s real or imagined deficiencies
33
Humanistic Theories include
Gordon Allport’s trait theory Abraham Maslow’s self-actualizing personality Carl Roger’s fully functioning person
34
Gordon Allport and the Beginnings of Humanistic/ Traits –
Stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions Central traits form the basis of personality Secondary traits include preferences and attitudes Cardinal traits define peoples lives
35
Abraham Maslow and the Healthy Personality/ Self-actualizing personalities –
Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentials
36
Carl Rogers’s Fully Functioning Person/ Fully functioning person –
Term for a healthy, self-actualizing individual, who has a self-concept that is both positive and congruent with reality
37
Carl Rogers’s Fully Functioning Person/ Phenomenal field –
Our psychological reality, composed of one’s perceptions and feelings
38
Unconditional positive regard –
Love or caring without conditions attached
39
Evaluating Humanistic Theories/ Positive psychology –
Movement within psychology focusing on the desirable aspects of human functioning, as opposed to an emphasis on psychopathology
40
Cognitive Theories: Social Learning and Personality/ Observational learning –
Process of learning new responses by watching the behavior of others
41
Reciprocal determinism –
Process in which the person, situation and environment mutually influence each other
42
Reciprocal Determinism
Environment || Cognition || Behavior
43
Locus of Control
An individual’s sense of where his or her life influences originate
44
Current Trends in Personality Theory
Family systems theory Cultural differences Gender influences
45
What Persistent Patterns are Found in Personality?
Another approach describes personality in terms of stable patterns known as temperaments, traits, and types
46
What Patterns are Found in Personality? Humors –
Four bodily fluids that, according to ancient theory, control personality by their relative abundance Blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
47
Personality and Temperament/ Temperament –
Basic, pervasive personality dispositions that are apparent in early childhood and establish the tempo and mood of an individual’s behaviors
48
Patterns in Personality/ The “Big Five” traits
Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
49
Patterns in Personality/ Type –
Especially important dimensions or clusters of traits that are not only central to a person’s personality but are found with essentially the same pattern in many people
50
Assessing Traits
NEO-PI (Big Five Inventory) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Reliability and validity are important attributes of good psychological tests
51
Traits and the Person-Situation Debate/ Person-situation controversy –
Theoretical dispute concerning the relative contribution of personality factors and situational factors in controlling behavior
52
What “Theories” Do People Use to Understand Each Other?
People everywhere develop implicit assumptions (“folk theories”) about personality, but these assumptions vary in important ways across cultures
53
Implicit Personality Theories/ Implicit personality theories –
Assumptions about personality that are held by people to simplify the task of understanding others
54
Fundamental attribution error –
Assumption that another person’s behavior (especially undesirable behavior) is the result of a flaw in the personality, rather than in the situation
55
Personality Across Cultures
Assumptions people make vary widely across cultures–depending especially on whether the culture emphasizes individualism or collectivism Other cultural differences involve Status of different age groups and sexes Romantic love Stoicism Locus of control Thinking vs. feeling Attribution

AP Psych (3 decks)

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