Ch. 10

Question 1

Exposure of the general public, patients, and radiation workers to ionizing radiation must be limited in order to

Answer 1

Minimize the risk of harmful biologic effects

Question 2

Concept of radiation exposure and of the associated risk of radiation induced malignancy

Answer 2

Basis of EfD limiting system

Question 3

What are the two resources used for revised recommendation

Answer 3

National council on radiation protection and measurements (NCRP)
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)

Question 4

Medical imaging professionals must be familiar with previous, existing, and new guidelines for radiation safety because

Answer 4

They share the responsibility for pt safety
The are subject to radiation exposure in their duties

Question 5

What are the four major organizations responsible for evaluating the relationship between radiation EqD and induced biologic effects.

Answer 5

ICRP, NCRP, UNSCEAR, NAS/NRC-BEIR

Question 6

What are the 5 U.S. regulatory agencies

Answer 6

NRC, Agreement states, EPA, FDA, OSHA

Question 7

Facilities providing imaging services shall have an active and detailed radiation safety program to ensure

Answer 7

The safety of patients and radiation workers

Question 8

The radiation safety program must have the resources necessary for

Answer 8

Delegate operational funds in the budget
Oversee the development of policies and procedures
Provide the equipment needed for starting and continuing the program

Question 9

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission mandates that a radiation safety committee be established for the facility.

Answer 9

!!!

Question 10

Who selects the RSO?

Answer 10

RSC (radiation safety committee)

Question 11

An RSO should

Answer 11

Develop the radiation safety program.
Ensure the facilities radiation practices are adequate
Implement and enforce policies of the program
Review and maintain records

Question 12

This law is used to protect the public from the hazards of unnecessary radiation exposure resulting from electronic products and diagnostic x-ray equipment

Answer 12

Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968

Question 13

Law 90-602 of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 does not regulate _______.

Answer 13

The diagnostic x-ray user. But it is strictly an equipment performance standard

Question 14

When did the Code of Standards for Diagnostic X-ray Equipment go into effect

Answer 14

August 1, 1974

Question 15

When was the ALARA concept put forth and by who?

Answer 15

1954 by the NCRP

Question 16

What is ALARA also known as

Answer 16

Optimization

Question 17

In the model for the ALARA concept, the relationship is assumed to be completely _______ and _______

Answer 17

Linear, no threshold

Question 18

The FDA supports the premise that each patient should get the

Answer 18

Right imaging examination, at the right time, with the right radiation dose

Question 19

FDA

Answer 19

White paper

Question 20

This act provides federal legislation requiring the establishment of minimal standards for the accreditation of educational programs for people who perform radiologic procedures and certification of such people.

Answer 20

Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981

Question 21

What are the two radiation-induced responses

Answer 21

Tissue responses, stochastic effects

Question 22

What are other names for tissue responses?

Answer 22

Somatic, nonstochastic, deterministic

Question 23

Biologic somatic effects of ionizing radiation that can be directly related to the dose received. (Has a threshold)

Answer 23

Tissue reactions

Question 24

Erythema, blood changes, epilation (loss of hair), acute radiation syndrome (hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular syndromes)

Answer 24

Early tissue reactions

Question 25

Cataract formation, fibrosis, organ atrophy, loss of parenchymal cells, reduced fertility, and sterility

Answer 25

Late tissue reactions

Question 26

Nonthreshold, randomly occurring biologic somatic changes

Answer 26

Stochastic effects

Question 27

May be demonstrated with the use of both the linear and linear-quadratic dose-response curves

Answer 27

Stochastic effects

Question 28

These limits may be expressed for whole body, partial body, and individual organ exposure

Answer 28

EfD limiting system

Question 29

The sum of external and internal whole body exposure is considered for limits

Answer 29

EfD limiting system

Question 30

The incidence of severe intellectual disability for fetal doses greater than approximately

Answer 30

0.4 Sv

Question 31

Greatest risk for radiation-induced intellectual disability occurred when the embryo-fetus was exposed _____ weeks after conception

Answer 31

8 to 15

Question 32

Indicates the ratio of the risk of stochastic effects attributable to irradiation of a given organ or tissue to the total risk when the body is uniformly irradiated

Answer 32

Tissue weighting factor (Wt)

Question 33

Most sensitive to radiation when discussing Tissue Weighting Factor

Answer 33

Gonads (0.20)

Question 34

Least sensitive to radiation when discussing Wt

Answer 34

Bone surface and skin (0.01)

Question 35

A radiation workers lifetime EfD must be limited to his/her age in years times _____mSv

Answer 35

10mSv

Question 36

Healthcare facilities may establish _____

Answer 36

Action limits

Question 37

Personnel dosimeter readings should be well below ______ of the maximum EfD limits.

Answer 37

1/10th

Question 38

The annual upper boundary limits take into account the ____ in all radiation-sensitive organs found in the body

Answer 38

EqD

Question 39

Because the Wt factors used for calculating EfD are so small for some organs, an organ that is associated with a low Wt factor may receive an unreasonable large dose, whereas the EfD remains within the allowable total limit.

Answer 39

!!!