Ch. 10: Airway Management, Artificial Ventilation, and Oxygenation

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

the process of gas exchange that occurs
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries and
between the body’s cells and their adjacent capillaries as well as the use of glucose and oxygen during normal
metabolism within the cells

Question 2

Ventilation/Breathing

Answer 2

moving air in and out of the lungs

Question 3

Respiration broken down into 4 categories

Answer 3

1. Pulmonary Ventilation
2. External Respiration
3. Internal Respiration
4. Cellular Respiration and Metabolism

Question 4

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 4

Part of respiration that refers to the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Question 5

External Respiration

Answer 5

Part of respiration that refers to the gas exchange that occurs between the alveoli and surrounding pulmonary capillaries; serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide in the lungs

Question 6

Internal Respiration

Answer 6

Part of respiration that refers to the gas exchange between the cells and the systemic capillaries; serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide in the lungs

Question 7

Cellular Respiration and Metabolism

Answer 7

Part of respiration that occurs in the cell where glucose breaks down in the presence of oxygen producing ATP and releasing CO2 and water.

Question 8

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 8

cartilage found at most inferior portion of larynx. Can be felt under the “adam’s apple”

Question 9

Upper Airway

Answer 9

refers to area from nose/mouth to cricoid cartilage (base of larynx)

Question 10

mucous membrane

Answer 10

lining of nose that warms, filters, and moistens air.

Question 11

Pharynx

Answer 11

throat (can be divided into nasopharynx and oropharynz)

Question 12

Nasopharynx

Answer 12

Path air travels from nose to throat

Question 13

Oropharynx

Answer 13

Path air travels from mouth to throat

Question 14

Trachea and Esophagus

Answer 14

Two paths found at the lower end of the pharynx

Question 15

Trachea

Answer 15

Pathway of air into lungs from the pharynx. It extends to the carina.

Question 16

Esophagus

Answer 16

Pathway of food and liquid from the pharynx

Question 17

Epiglottis

Answer 17

Small piece of tissue that prevents food/water from getting into lungs by covering trachea when swallowing

Question 18

Larynx

Answer 18

Just superior to the trachea and just inferior to the epiglottis. AKA the voice box because it contains the vocal cords

Question 19

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 19

bulky cartilage found in the anterior portion of larynx. AKA adam’s apple

Question 20

Lower Airway

Answer 20

portion of respiratory system that extends from the cricoid cartilage to the alveoli of the lungs

Question 21

Carina

Answer 21

The major branching point of the trachea into the right and left main-stem bronchi

Question 22

Bronchi

Answer 22

The two main stems that branch from the carina at the base of the trachea

Question 23

Bronchioles

Answer 23

smaller branches coming off of bronchi that end in alveoli within the lungs. they are lined with mucous membrane and composed of smooth muscle

Question 24

Alveoli

Answer 24

air sac wrapped in a web of pulmonary capillaries. site where gas-exchange occurs between gas inside and blood in capillaries

Question 25

Lungs

Answer 25

made of elastic tissue surrounded by 2 layers of connective tissue. Left has 2 lobes and right has 3 lobes

Question 26

Pleura

Answer 26

Connective tissue that layers the lungs (2 layer types)

Question 27

Early signs of hypoxia in skin

Answer 27

Pale, cool, and clammy

Question 28

Late signs of hypoxia in skin

Answer 28

Cyanosis

Question 29

Early signs of hypoxia in mentality

Answer 29

Patient is agitated and confused

Question 30

Cyanosis

Answer 30

a bluish gray color that appears on the lips, mouth, nose, fingernail beds, and/or conjunctiva indicating late hypoxia

Question 31

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)

Answer 31

the process of forcing air into a patient's lungs (aka artificial ventilation)

Question 32

deoxygenated

Answer 32

low oxygen concentration usually referring to blood

Question 33

oxygenated

Answer 33

high oxygen concentration usually referring to blood

Question 34

Hemoglobin

Answer 34

part of the red blood cell responsible for picking up oxygen

Question 35

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 35

normal metabolism within the cells that requires oxygen

Question 36

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 36

metabolism within cells without oxygen that creates lactic acid as a by product and is less energy efficient

Question 37

Flail Chest

Answer 37

two or more ribs fractured in two or more places

Question 38

(5) Airway anatomy differences in child and adult

Answer 38

1. Nose and mouth are smaller 2. Tongue is larger and takes up more space in pharynx 3. Trachea is narrower, softer, and more flexible 4. Cricoid cartilage is not fully developed 5. Epiglottis is U-shaped and protrudes into pharynx

Question 39

Patent Airway

Answer 39

aka open airway