CH 10 Digestive Flashcards
(325 cards)
1
Q
Abdomin /o
A
Abdomen
2
Q
an /o
A
anus
3
Q
append, appendic /o
A
Appendix
4
Q
bil /I
A
Bile
5
Q
cec/ o
A
blind intestine, cecum
6
Q
chole /e
A
Bile, gall
7
Q
Choledoch /o
A
common bile duct
8
Q
Col, colon /o
A
Colon
9
Q
Cyst/o
A
Bladder, sac
10
Q
Dent /o
A
Teeth
11
Q
Duoden /o
A
Twelve, duodenum
12
Q
Enter/o
A
Small intestine
13
Q
Esophag/e,esophag/o
A
Gullet, esophagus
14
Q
Gastr /o
A
Stomach
15
Q
Gingiv /o
A
Gums
16
Q
gloss /o
A
Tongue
17
Q
Hepat /o
A
Liver
18
Q
acid /o
A
solution or substance with a PH less than 7
19
Q
aden /o
A
gland
20
Q
cheil /o
A
lip
21
Q
cholecyst /o
A
gallbladder
22
Q
cirrh /o
A
orange
23
Q
col, colon /o
A
colon
24
Q
cyst /o
A
bladder, sac
25
dent /o
teeth
26
diverticul /o
diverticulum, abnormal sac or pouch
27
duoden /o
twelve, duodenum
28
enter /o
small intestine
29
esophag /e, esophag /o
gullet, esophagus
30
fec /o
feces
31
flux /o
flow
32
gastr /o
stomach
33
gingiv /o
gums
34
gloss /o
tongue
35
halit /o
breath
36
hem, hemat /o
blood
37
hepat /o
liver
38
ile /o
to roll, ileum
39
jejun /o
empty, jejunum
40
lapar /o
abdomen
41
lingu /o
tongue
42
lip /o
fat
43
lith /o
stone
44
nas /o
nose
45
or /o
mouth
46
orex /o
appetite
47
pancreat /o
sweetbread, pancreas
48
parot /o
parotid gland
49
peps, pept /o
digestion
50
peritone /o
to stretch over, peritoneum
51
phag /o
eat, swallow
52
polyp /o
small growth
53
proct /o
rectum or anus
54
pylor /o
pylorus, the opening from the stomach into the duodenum (small intestine).
55
rect /o
rectum
56
sial /o
saliva
57
sigm /o
the letter S, sigmoid colon
58
steat /o
fat
59
stomat /o
mouth
60
vag /o
vagus nerve
61
volv /o
to roll
62
a, an
without, absence of
63
anti
against, opposite of
64
dia
through
65
dys
bad, abnormal, difficult painful
66
endo
within
67
mal
bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
68
BE
barium enema
69
C&S
stool culture and sensitivity
70
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
71
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
72
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
73
GI
gastrointestinal
74
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma
75
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
76
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
77
LGI
lower GI series
78
LI
lactose intolerant
79
NandV
nausea and vomiting
80
UGI
upper GI series
81
algia
condition of pain
82
al
pertaining to
83
centesis
surgical puncture
84
dynia
condition of pain
85
ectasis
expansion, dilation
86
ectomy
surgical excision, removal
87
emesis
vomiting
88
emetic
pertaining to vomiting
89
iasis
condition of
90
iasis
condition of
91
megaly
abnormally large
92
oid
resembling
93
penia
abnormal reduction in number, deficience
94
ptosis
drooping
95
rrhaphy
suturing
96
rrhea
discharge
97
scopy
process of viewing
98
sis
state of
99
spasmodic
pertaining to a sudden, involuntary muscle
100
y
process of
101
aphagia / ah FAY jee ah
inability to swallow
102
ascites / ah SIGH teez
an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen
103
constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements
104
diarrhea / dye ah REE ah
frequent discharge of watery fecal material
105
dyspepsia / diss PEP see ah
indigestion, accompanied by stomach or esophageal pain or discomfort
106
dysphagia / diss FAY jee ah
Difficulty in swallowing, accompanied by sore throat. In chronic form, oral or pharyngeal cancer
107
flatus / FLAY tuss
Presence of gas or air in the GI tract
108
flatulence
Gas expelled through the anus
109
steatorrhea / STEE at oh REE ah
abnormal levels of fat in the feces. Digestive malfunction
110
anorexia nervosa / AN or EKS ee ah
An emotional eating disorder in which the patient avoids food because of a compulsion to be thin in appearance
111
appendicitis / ah pen dih SIGH tiss
Inflammation of the appendix
112
bulimia / boo LEEM ee ah
Common eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse. AKA binging and purging
113
cheilitis / kye LYE tiss
Inflammation of the lip
114
cheilosis / kye LOH siss
General condition of the lip, which often includes splitting of the lips and corners of the mouth,
115
cholecystitis / koh lee sis TYE tiss
Inflammation of the gall bladder, usually caused by stones (gallstones) lodged within the gallbladder.
116
choledochitis / KOH leh dok EYE tiss
Inflammation of the common bile duct
117
cholelithiasis / KOH lee lith EYE ah siss
Generalized condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts.
118
cirrhosis / ser ROH siss
Chronic,progressive liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue.
119
cleft palate
A congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth or hard palate fail to fuse during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral and nasal cavity
120
cleft lip
Opening in the upper lip
121
colitis / koh LYE tiss
Inflammation of the segment of the large intestine known as the colon.
122
ulcerative colitis
is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum.
123
colorectal cancer
Cancer of the colon often includes cancer of the rectum.
124
Chrohn disease / AKA regional ileitis or regional enteritis
Chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, most commonly the ileum of the small intestine that involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation and thickening adhesions of the organ wall.
125
diverticulosis / DYE ver tik yoo LOH siss
The presence of diverticula, small pouches on the colon wall small pouches
126
diverticulitis
inflammation of the small pouches. Which increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer
127
duodenal ulcer / doo ODD eh nal
An ulcer or erosion in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine
128
dysentery / DIS en tair ee
Acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irrtants.
129
enteritis / EHN ter EYE tiss
Inflammation of the small or large intestine.
130
esophagitis / eh soff ah JYE tiss
Inflammation of the esophagus.
131
esophagomalacia/ eh soff ah go mah LAY shee ah
Morbid softening of the esophageal wall
132
Ile /o
To roll, ileum
133
jejun /o
Empty, jejunum
134
lingu /o
Tongue
135
or /o
Mouth
136
pancreat /o
Sweetbread, pancreas
137
peps, peptide
Digestion
138
peritone /o
To stretch over, peritoneum
139
proct /o
Rectum or anus
140
pylor /o
Pylorus
141
sial/o
Saliva
142
Sigm /o
The letter S, sigmoid colon
143
stomat /o
Mouth
144
Re-
Back
145
bil /I
Bile
146
flux /o
Flow
147
gastr /o
stomach
148
halit/o
breath
149
hemat/o
blood
150
phag /o
Eat, swallow
151
steat /o
Fat
152
algia
Condition of pain
153
-dynia
Condition of pain
154
-emesis
Vomiting
155
-ia
Condition of
156
-osis
Condition of
157
vag /o
vagus nerve
158
volv /o
to roll
159
BE
barium enema / Administration of barium sulfate into the colon or rectum
160
C&S
stool culture and sensitivity / Test of fecal samplesto grow and identify the pathogens & determine which antibiotic to use.
161
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy / Examines esophagus, stomach and duodenum
162
FOBT
fecal occult blood test /Lab test to detect blood in the feces. May indicate polyposis or colorectal cancer if no hemorrhoids present.
163
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease /A recurring backflow or reflux, of stomach contents into the esophagus
164
GI
gastrointestinal / relating to stomach and intestines
165
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma /Tumor arising from cells within the liver.This form of liver cancer accounts for about 85% of cases and often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis or hepatitis B
166
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease /IBD is a syndrome affecting different patients in different ways and includes a wide spectrum of conditions and symptoms that range from chronic diarrhea and enteritis to ulcerative colities and Crohn disease..
167
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome / An uncomfortable chronic condition of irregular bowel movements that does not cause lasting tissue damage. Marked with bouts of diarrhea, constipation or an alternation of the two.
168
LGI
lower GI series /X-ray images of colon or rectum.
169
LI
lactose intolerant / Lack of an enzyme that breaks down lactose.
170
N&V
nausea and vomiting
171
UGI
upper GI series /X-ray images of esophagus, stomach & duodenum
172
algia
condition of pain
173
al
pertaining to
174
centesis
surgical puncture
175
dynia
condition of pain
176
ectasis
expansion, dilation
177
emesis
vomiting
178
emetic
pertaining to vomiting
179
emia
condition of blood
180
ia, iasis
condition of
181
megaly
abnormally large
182
oid
resembling
183
osis
condition of
184
penia
abnormal reduction in number, deficient
185
plasty
surgical repair
186
ptosis
drooping
187
rrhaphy
suturing
188
rrhea
discharge
189
sis
state of
190
spasmodic
pertaining to a sudden, involuntary muscle contractions
191
stomy
surgical creation of an opening
192
tomy
incision, to cut
193
y
process of
194
aphagia / ah FAY jee ah
inability to swallow
195
ascites / ah SIGH teez
an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen
196
constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements
197
diarrhea / dye ah REE ah
frequent discharge of watery fecal material
198
dyspepsia / diss PEPP see ah
indigestion, accompanied by stomach or esophageal pain or discomfort
199
dysphagia / diss FAY jee ah
Difficulty in swallowing, accompanied by sore throat. In chronic form, oral or pharyngeal cancer
200
flatus / FLAY tuss
Presence of gas or air in the GI tract
201
gastrodynia / GAS trig DUBB ee ah /AKA gastralgia
stomach pain, abdominal pain
202
halitosis / hal ih TOH siss
bad breath
203
hematemesis / HEE mah TEM eh siss
Vomiting blood.SEVERE digestive disorder e.g. peptic ulcer, stomach cancer
204
hepatomegaly / HEPP ah toh MEG ah lee
Abnormal enlargement of the liver
205
jaundice / JAWN diss
Yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, slcera of the eyes, & deeper tissues / LIVER DISEASE
206
nausea / NAW see ah
Dizziness that includes an urge to vomit
207
reflux
Backward flow of material in the GI tract or regurgitation
208
steatorrhea / STEE at oh REE ah
Abnormal levels of fat in the feces. Digestive malfunction
209
anorexia nervosa / AN or EKS ee ah
An emotional eating disorder in which the patient avoids food because of a compulsion to be thin in appearance
210
appendicitis / ah pen dih SIGH tiss
Inflammation of the appendix
211
bulimia / boo LEEM ee ah
Common eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse / binging and purging
212
cheilitis / kye LYE tiss
General condition of the lip, which often includes splitting of the lips and corners of the mouth,
213
cholecystitis / koh lee sis TYE tiss
Inflammation of the gall bladder, usually caused by stones (gallstones) lodged within the gallbladder.
214
choledochitis / KOH leh dok EYE tiss
Inflammation of the common bile duct
215
cholelithiasis / KOH lee lith EYE ah siss
Generalized condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts.
216
cirrhosis / ser ROH siss
Chronic,progressive liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue.
217
cleft palate
A congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth or hard palate fail to fuse during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral and nasal cavity
218
cleft lip
Opening in the upper lip
219
colitis / koh LYE tiss
Inflammation of the segment of the large intestine known as the colon.
220
ulcerative colitis
If chronic bleeding of the colon wall occurs to form blood diarrhea. A form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease or IBD.
221
colorectal cancer
Cancer of the colon often includes cancer of the rectum.
222
Crohn disease /AKA regional ileitis or regional enteritis
Chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, most commonly the ileum of the small intestine that involves
223
diverticulosis / DYE ver tik yoo LOH siss
The presence of diverticula, small pouches on the colon wall.
224
diverticula
small pouches
225
diverticulitis
inflammation of the small pouches. Which increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer
226
duodenal ulcer / doo ODD eh nal
An ulcer or erosion in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine
227
dysentery / DIS en tair ee
Acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irrtants.
228
enteritis / EHN ter EYE tiss
Inflammation of the small or large intestine.
229
esophagitis / eh soff ah JYE tiss
Inflammation of the esophagus.
230
esophagomalacia/ eh soff ah go mah LAY shee ah
Morbid softening of the esophageal wall
231
food-borne illness aka FOOD POISONING
Ingestion of food contaminated with harmful bacteria.
232
botulism
Life-threatening disease caused by clostridium botulinum
233
gastrectasis / gas TREK tah siss
Abnormal stretching, or dilation of the stomach.
234
gastromegaly / GAS troh MEG ah lee
Abnormal enlargement of the stomach
235
gastric cancer / GAS trik * KAN ser/ STOMACH CANCER
An aggressive, metastatic cancer arising from cells lining the stomach /
236
gastric ulcer / GAS trik * UL ser
An ulcer, or erosion in the wall of the stomach.
237
gastritis / gas TRY tiss
Inflammation of the stomach
238
gastroenteritis / GAS troh en ter EYE tiss
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.
239
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.
Inflammation of the first segment of the small intestine and stomach
240
gastroenterocolitis
Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine & colon all at once
241
gastroesophageal /GAS troh eh SOFF ah JEE al
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
242
gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
A recurring backflow or reflux, of stomach contents into the esophagus
243
gastromalacia / GAS troh mah LAY shee ah
softening of the stomach
244
giardiasis / jee ahr DYE ah siss
Infection by the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis or Giardia lamblia, produces symptoms of diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting. Drinking contaminated water.
245
gingivitis / jin jih VYE
Inflammation of the gums, or gingivae. Usually caused by chronic bacterial activity at the junction of the teeth and gums
246
glossopathy / gloss AH path ee
Any disease of the tongue
247
glossitis / gloss EYE tiss
Inflammation of the tongue. Often caused by exposure to allergens, toxic substances, extreme heat or cold.
248
hemorrhoids / HEM oh roydz PILES
A varicose, or swollen, condition of the veins in the anus.
249
hepatitis
A viral induced inflammation of the liver.
250
TYPE A
A-infectious, eating contaminated food. (most people making a full recovery in 2-6 mos) NO CHRONIC
251
TYPE B
B-serum, transmitted via body fluids -blood or semen,needles 20% may become chronic <6yrs 50%, linked to LIVER CANCER
252
TYPE C
C-mainly thru blood-childbirth, intravenous drug abuse, unprotected sex, &often causes permanent liver damage.
253
TYPE D
D- needs HBV to infect, may combine to severely damage liver.
254
TYPE E
E virus.,like A,mostly thru undercooked seafood or contaminated water,infectious, eating contaminated food NO
255
hepatoma / hepp ah TOH mah
Tumor arising from cells within the liver
256
AKA hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC
This form of liver cancer accounts for about 85% of cases and often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis or hepatitis B
257
hernia / *HER nee ah
An abnormal protrusion through a body wall.
258
hiatal hernia
Protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach thru the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity.
259
inguinal hernia
Protrusion of a small intestinal segment through the abdominal wall I the inguinal region.
260
direct inguinal hernia
Occurs in males and is a protrusion into the scrotal cavity
261
umbilical hernia
A small intestinal segment enters thru a tear in the membrane covering the abdominal wall at the navel region.
262
strangulated hernia
A strangulated hernia restricts blood flow to the protruding organ and requires medical intervention to avoid loss of the affected organ.
263
intussusception /IN tuh suh SEP shun
Infolding of a segment of the small intestine within another segment, telescoping.
264
malabsorption syndrome
Difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients.
265
celiac disease
A reaction to ingested gluten, a plant protein found in wheat, barley & rye
266
gluten sensitivity enteropathy
An immune response to gluten resulting in damage to the villi lining the small intestine causing malabsorption
267
pancreatitis / PAN kree ah TYE tiss
Inflammation of the pancreas. Possible causes include tumors and bacterial infection, can become life-threatening
268
parotitis AKA sialoadenitis /sigh AL oh add eh NYE tiss
Inflammation of one or both of the largest salivary glands, parotid glands. IF caused by a virus its called MUMPS
269
peptic ulcer / PEPP tik * UL ser
General term for an erosion into the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract.Usually occurs in the wall of the
270
peritonitis / pair ih toh NYE tiss
Inflammation of the peritoneum, an extensive membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs..
271
polyposis / pall ee POH siss (condition of small growths)
The presence of may polyps (an abnormal mass of tissue that projects inward from the wall of a hollow organ)
272
proctitis / prok TYE tiss
Inflammation of the anus and usually the rectum as well.
273
proctoptosis / PROK top TOH sis
A drooping or prolapse of the rectum.
274
volvulus / VOLL vyoo lus / latin- "to roll"
A severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction.
275
abdominocentesis / ab DOM ih noh sehn TEE siss /paracentesis / pair ah sehn TEE siss
A surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid.
276
antacid / ant ASS id
Agent that reduces acidity of the stomach cavity. Most mild medications neutralize the acid PH of the stomach.
277
proton pump inhibitors
A stronger medication that inhibit the amount of acid produced.
278
antiemetic / an tye ee MEH tik
Drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex.
279
antispasmodic / an tye spz MOH dik (pertaining to against vomiting)
Drug that reduces the peristalsis activity in the GI tract, which arrests the muscular spasms involved in diarrhea.
280
antidiarrheal /an tye dye ah REE al
Drug that increases water absorption in the colon while decreasing spasms.
281
appendectomy / app ehn DEK toh mee
Surgical removal of the appendix
282
bariatric surgery / behr-ee-a-trik /bariatric-treatment of weight
Procedure to reduce the volume of the stomach,whereas others bypass the stomach completely.
283
Adjustable Gastric Band (Lap Band)
This is reversible
284
Roux-en Y gastric bypass
Not reversible
285
cathartic / kah THAHR tik (Grk katharos- purging,cleansing)
Agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon to treat constipaton
286
laxative
Agent that causes mild waves of peristalsis
287
cheilorrphaphy / kye LOR ah fe
Procedure of suturing a lip
288
cholecystectomy / KOH lee siss TEK toh mee
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
289
cholecystogram / KOH lee SISS toh gram
X-ray image of a gallbladder
290
cholecystography/ KOH lee siss TOG rah fee
Procedure of producing an ex-ray image of the gallbladder
291
choledocholithotomy/ koh lee doh koh lih THOTT oh mee
Surgical removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct
292
colonoscopy / kohl on OSS koh pee (process of viewing the colon)
Endoscopy of the colon. The visual inspection of the colon's interior using a specialized endoscope, preventive procedure.
293
colectomy / koh LEK toh mee
Surgical removal of a segment of the colon.
294
colostomy / koh LAH stom ee
Surgical opening created to serve as an artificial anus, usually after the excision of the distal part of the colon.
295
stoma / STOE mah
The name of the new opening
296
fecal occult blood test / FEE kal*uh kult FOBT
Lab test to detect blood in the feces. May indicate polyposis or colorectal cancer if no hemorrhoids present.
297
gastrectomy / gas TREK toh mee
Surgical removal of part of the stomach (to treat peptic ulcer) or in extreme cases the entire organ (gastric cancer)
298
gastric lavage / GAS trik * lah VAHZH
Procedure to cleanse the stomach by irrigating with a prescribed solution. Performed after ingestion of a toxic substance or overdose or to remove irritants before or after surgery.
299
colonic irrigation like gastric lavage
Similar irrigation procedure
300
enema / EN eh mah
If unwanted material is fecal blockage in the colon or rectum this is used instead.
301
gavage / gah VAHZH (FRNCH gaver- to force-feed)
Process of feeding a patient thru a tube inserted into the nose that extends thru the esophagus to enter the stomach.
302
nasogastric tube
Tube used
303
GI endoscopy / en DAH sko pee
Process of viewing the interior of the GI tract organs using an endoscope which are modified for each organ.
304
esophagoscopy / eh SOFF ah GOSS koh pee
Examines esophagus
305
gastroscopy / gas TROSS koh pee
Examines stomach
306
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Examines esophagus, stomach and duodenum
307
colonoscopy / kohl on OSS koh pee
Procedure using an endoscope that enters through the anus to examine lower GI tract.
308
sigmoidoscopy SIG moyd OSS koh pee
Examines the sigmoid colon
309
proctoscopy/ prokt OSS koh pee
Examines the rectum.
310
GI series
A common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract.
311
Barium swallow, barium shake, barium meal
Radiographic substances used to highlight the GI tract organ or organs within a series of x-ray photographs
312
Barium enema BE
Administration of barium sulfate into the colon or rectum.
313
upper GI series UGI
X-ray images of esophagus, stomach & duodenum
314
lower GI series LGI
X-ray images of colon or rectum.
315
gingivectomy / JIN jih VEK toh mee
Surgical removal diseased tissue in the gums or gingivae.
316
glossorrhaphy / gloss OR ah fee
Surgical procedure to close the wounds of the tongue with sutures.
317
hemorrhoidectomy / HEM oh royd EK toh mee
Surgical removal of hemorrhoids.
318
herniorrhaphy / her nee OR ah fee
Suturing a hernia
319
ileostomy / ILL ee OSS toh mee
Surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum of the small intestines
320
laparotomy / lap ah ROTT oh mee (GRK laparo -soft abdomen)
Incision through the abdominal wall, often from the base of the sternum to the pubic bone.
321
laparoscopy / lap ah ROSS koh pee
A modified endoscope with a camera and surgical instruments, called a laparoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall via one or more small incisions.
322
polypectomy / pall ih PEK toh mee
Surgical removal of polyps. Usually performed during a colonoscopy
323
pyloroplasty / pye LOR oh plass tee
Surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach, which may include repair of the pyloric valve.
324
stool culture and sensitivity
Test of fecal samplesto grow and identify the pathogens & determine which antibiotic to use.
325
vagotomy / vay GOTT oh mee
Surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve to reduce gastric juice secretion as a treatment for chronic gastric ulcers.
