Ch 10 - Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

“The ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles”
~ Binet

Question 2

g

Answer 2

General intelligence factor

• Proposed intelligence is a basic cognitive trait comprising the ability to learn, reason, and solve problems regardless of their nature
• According to g concept, if you are good at one part of intelligence is most likely good at other components

Question 3

Savant

Answer 3

Rare condition where an individual is extremely high ability in one domain despite overall limitations in mental and social ability

Question 4

Prodigy

Answer 4

young person who excels in one area and is average in all others

Question 5

Analytic intelligence

Answer 5

Verbal, mathematical problem-solving type of intelligence that probably comes to mind when you think of intelligence

Question 6

Practical Intelligence

Answer 6

Ability to find solutions to real-world problems that are encountered in daily life, especially those related to work and family
- Street smarts

Question 7

Learning styles

Answer 7

idea that everyone has a “best” way of taking in and retaining information
- studies have suggested learning styles are mostly a myth

Question 8

Eugenics

Answer 8

scientific/philosophical/political movement that encouraged breeding between people with particular traits and discouraged breeding between those without these traits

Question 9

Alfred Binet

Answer 9

• French researcher who assumed intelligence should include more complex abilities such as attention, memory, and…

Question 10

Mental age

Answer 10

average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age

Question 11

David Weschler

Answer 11

• created most widely used intelligence test
  
  • WAIS: Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 12

General Ability Index (GAI)

Answer 12

Subscale that examines comprehension and reasoning without examining processing speed

Question 13

Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI)

Answer 13

Subscale working memory and processing speed tasks

Question 14

Intelligence test

Answer 14

Method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

Question 15

Aptitude tests

Answer 15

Designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn a new skill (Ex. SAT)

Question 16

Achievement test

Answer 16

designed to assess what a person has learned
(Ex. Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), Law School Admission Test (LSAT))

Question 17

3 Criteria for a “good test”:

Answer 17

1. Was the test standardized?
2. Is the test reliable?
3. Is the test valid?

Question 18

Standardization

Answer 18

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group (allows for comparison across individuals

Question 19

IQ score percentage

Answer 19

• IQ of 85-115: 68% of people
• IQ of 70-130: 95% of people
• IQ of 55-145: 99.7% of people

Question 20

Reliability

Answer 20

Extent to which a test yields consistent results
- If you take same test twice, you should get
the same answer

Question 21

Random error

Answer 21

Anything that changes each time
- Ex. Bad night’s sleep

Question 22

Systematic error

Answer 22

Error that appears over and over
- Ex. Scale that consistently 10 lbs too light

Question 23

Validity

Answer 23

Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

Question 24

Content validity

Answer 24

Extent to which a test samples the behaviour of interest
- If intelligence only assesses math ability it may lack content validity

Question 25

Predictive validity

Answer 25

Success with which a test predicts what it is designed to predict - Ex. Does your intelligence test predict higher grades in school?

Question 26

Raymond Cattell

Answer 26

Believed g had 2 components, fluid and crystallized intelligence

Question 27

Fluid intelligence (Gf)

Answer 27

Used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses - Reaches peak before age of 20, keeps steady and then decreases

Question 28

Crystallized intelligence (Gc)

Answer 28

Draws upon past learning and experience - Ex. Vocab, general knowledge - Increases with age so long as person stays active and alert

Question 29

Grit

Answer 29

Perseverance and passion for long-term goals * Persistence one of the key determinants of success*

Question 30

Entity Theory

Answer 30

belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change

Question 31

Incremental theory

Answer 31

belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice, and effort (“growth mindset”)

Question 32

3 potential hypotheses to racial differences in IQ:

Answer 32

o There are genetically disposed racial differences in intelligence o There are socially influenced racial differences in intelligence o There are racial differences in test scores, but the tests are inappropriate or biased

Question 33

Stereotype Threat

Answer 33

Doubt one feels about his/her performance due to negative stereotypes about his/her group's abilities - increased arousal/anxiety - increased self-focused thoughts - increases inhibition