Ch 10 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids

Question 1

What is a phase?

Answer 1

Homogeneous (uniformed) part of a system in contact with other parts separated by a well- defined boundary

The phase diagram shows liquid, solid, gas

Question 2

Example of a solid phase?

Liquid phase ?

Answer 2

Solid = ice

Liquid = water

Question 3

Characteristics of GAS

Answer 3

Assumes volume and shape of container
LOW DENSITY
very COMPRESSIBLE
very FREE MOTION

Question 4

Characteristics of Liquid

Answer 4

Definite VOLUME but
ASSUMES SHAPE of its container
HIGH DENSITY
Slightly Compressible
Slide past 1 another freely

Question 5

Characteristics of SOLID

Answer 5

Definite shape & volume
HIGH Density
Virtually incompressible
Vibrate about fixed positions

Question 6

INTERMolecular Forces

Answer 6

Attractive forces BETWEEN molecules

Question 7

INTRAmolecular Forces

Answer 7

HOLD atoms TOGETHER in a molecule

Question 8

Ex of INTERmolecular Force

Answer 8

of kJ to vaporize 1 mole of water

Measure of INTERmolecular Force - boiling point & melting point

WEAKER

Question 9

Ex of INTRAmolecular Force

Answer 9

930kJ to break all O-H bonds in 1 mole of water

STRONGER

Question 10

4 types of of intermolecular forces

Answer 10

Dipole-dipole
Ion-dipole
Dispersion
Hydrogen Bonding

Question 11

Dipole dipole Forces are?

Answer 11

Attractive forces between 2 POLAR Molecules (opposites)

Question 12

Ion-dipole Forces

Answer 12

Attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule
Na+ & I-

Question 13

Example of ion-dipole interaction between water & cations is?

Answer 13

HYDRATION

Question 14

Attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules?

Answer 14

Dispersion Forces

Ion-induced dipole
Dipole-induced dipole

Question 15

Induced dipole is :

Answer 15

Separation of plus and minus charged in an atom due to proximity of an ion or polar molecules temporarily becomes “polarized”

Question 16

Another dispersion force is

the ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or molecule can be distorted, which is called what?

Answer 16

Polarizability

Dispersion forces exist among all species

Question 17

A special type of interaction between hydrogen and a polar bonds between O, N, or F

H - - N O F

How is it represented?

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonding represented by a dashed Line - - - -

Question 18

Most often the heavier, the atom,

Answer 18

The higher the boiling point

Question 19

Polar molecules + - means they have what intermolecular force?

Answer 19

Dipole-dipole

Also always dispersion

Hydrogen bonding?

Question 20

Cl2 polar or nonpolar?

Answer 20

Non polar- 2 of same - charge

Question 21

Intermolecular forces between

HBr & HF

Cl2 & NO3-

O2 & BF3

h2O & F-

Answer 21

HBr & HF -polar so dipole-dipole, H Bonding & dispersion

Cl2 & NO3- dispersion bc both -

O2 & BF3 - dispersion

H2O & F- ion dipole, hydrogen bonding,, dispersion

Question 22

The amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area

Answer 22

Surface tension

Question 23

A measure of a fluid is resistance to flow

Answer 23

Viscosity - increases at colder temperatures

ex honey molasses and syrup have high viscosities

Question 24

The main component in glass is

Answer 24

SiO2

Question 25

The phase change from solid to gas is known as?

Answer 25

Sublimation

Question 26

Face changed from gas to liquid is known as

Answer 26

Condensation

Question 27

The phase change from liquid to solid is known as

Answer 27

Freezing

Question 28

Melting point and freezing point of a substance occur at

Answer 28

The same temperature

Question 29

Molar heat evaporation is?

Answer 29

The energy required to vaporize one mole of liquid at its boiling point Rubbing alcohol has a low 🔼Hvap

Question 30

The temperature at which the (equilibrium) vapor pressure of a liquid is = to the external pressure is called?

Answer 30

Boiling point

Question 31

The temperature at which a liquid boils when the external pressure is 1 atmosphere is called?

Answer 31

Normal boiling point

Question 32

The normal melting/freezing point would occur at a pressure of?

Answer 32

1 atm

Question 33

Heating Curve

Answer 33

Question 34

When a solid directly goes to a gas without passing through the liquid state is called?

Answer 34

Sublimation

Question 35

When a gas goes directly to a solid phase without passing through the liquid state is called?

Answer 35

Deposition

Question 36

Solid liquid vapor phase diagram

Answer 36

Ice is less dense than water If a pressure and temperature combination lands on a BOUNDARY LINE, it COEXISTS in 2 phases

Question 37

Phase diagram of carbon dioxide

Answer 37

At 1 atm CO2 goes solid—> gas